BBA Curriculum 2025

BACHELORS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

Introduction: The Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) program provides students with four years of rigorous undergraduate education and leads them onto the next step in their business careers. The program promises graduates to become knowledgeable not only in business subjects: including Finance, Accounting, Management, Human Resources, Marketing, General Management, and Information System; but are also introduced to the basic concepts of social sciences, applied sciences, and liberal arts. Our faculty, beside from providing business education, also help students in developing their business communication skills. Group discussions and Class presentations are encouraged, making students learn how to critically think, analyze information, discuss and present their ideas professionally.

Vision: Preparing the best young business graduates that are knowledgeable, dynamic and embedded with Islamic values.

Mission Statement: Maintaining a knowledgebase with state-of-the-art business technologies. Instilling dynamism through course work and interactive liaison with experts and the industry at large. Personality development through discussions on Islamic values and their application in business.

DETAIL OF COURSES

ROAD MAP

BACHELOR’S IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

1st Semester

2nd Semester

3rd Semester

4th Semester

5th Semester

6th Semester

7th Semester

8th Semester

Specialization

1. Marketing

1. Management

MARKS DISTRIBITION

COURSE OUTLINES

SEMESTER 1

COURSE DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVE

This course is designed to introduce foundations of marketing as they relate to the whole business enterprise. This course will focus on developing an understanding of key marketing concepts.

The objective of this course, specifically, is to enhance the conceptual knowledge of marketing as applicable to decision making process with a focus on tactical marketing mix decisions. Further it will provide the student with a comprehensive framework to evaluate marketing decisions and to create successful marketing initiatives. The course, will therefore, provide an understanding of the principles of marketing in relation to the product and services including the planning process, organizing the marketing functions, implementing the marketing decisions keeping in mind the ethical, legal and societal consideration.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course, it is expected that the student will be able:

1. Understand the marketplace and the consumers.
2. Understand the elements in marketing mix and their application in marketing decisions.
3. Outline the functions of marketing communication.
4. Discuss social responsibility and ethics in marketing.
5. Understand the importance of customer relationships in marketing and the creation of customer value.

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction to marketing

• Marketing and the Society
• Importance and scope of marketing
• Definition of marketing
• Nature and concept of marketing

Marketing environments

• The Marketing environment
• Macro environment
• Micro environment
• Environmental scanning and monitoring

Marketing & strategy

• Strategic planning
• Strategic marketing planning
• Forecasting marketing demand

Marketing decisions

• Information required for marketing decisions
• Reasons for obtaining information
• Marketing research

Consumer behavior

• Information for purchase decisions
• Consumer decision process
• Influence of social and psychological factors
• Market implications

Market segmentation and targeting

• Factors for Segmentation
• Selecting the target market
• Developing the positioning and target market strategies

Products and services

• Definition of product and services
• Classification of consumer goods
• Classification of business goods

Product development and life cycle

• Product development process and commercialization
• Product life cycle stages and its implications

Mid-term examination

Pricing

• Overview of pricing
• Importance of pricing
• Break even analysis
• Factor effecting pricing decisions

Setting the price and relating strategies

• Pricing objectives

o Sale based objectives

o Profit based objectives

• Status quo Pricing
• Price strategy

Pricing techniques and their applications

• Cost based pricing
• Cost plus pricing
• Target pricing
• Floor pricing

Distribution

• Importance of distribution channels
• Selecting a channel of distribution
• Retail functions in distribution
• Recent trends in wholesaling and retailing

Promotion

• Importance and types of promotion
• Channels of communication
• Objectives, budgeting and promotional mix
• Legal environments of promotion

Advertisement and Publicity

• Scope of advertisement and publicity
• Characteristic of advertisement and publicity
• Development, planning and implementation of advertising plan
• Evaluating the success and failure of promotional plan

Introduction to E-Business

• Introduction
• Different trends
• Rules of doing e-business
• E-business application in the market
• Conclusion Session
• Final Exam

RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS

1. Philip Kotler, Principles of Marketing (Latest Edition)
2. David Jobber, Principles of Marketing (Latest Edition)
3. Jerome McCarthy & William, D. Pareanth, Basics Marketing, (Latest Edition)\

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The primary aim of Financial Accounting is to provide students with an introduction to the process and function of financial reporting. Whilst a large proportion of the course is aimed at understanding accounting as a process, taking a preparers‟ perspective, we will also seek to develop an understanding of the importance of the role of accounting in today‟s society.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After studying this course the student will be able to understand:

1. The language of accounting and financial reporting;
2. Complete Accounting Cycle
3. Preparation and the role of Journal, Ledger and subsidiary books
4. Preparation of balance sheet, profit and loss account and cash flow statement.

COURSE CONTENT

Accounting and its role

• Development of accounting
• Accounting Theory and Conceptual framework
• Accounting Defined
• Why study Accounting
• Financial statements
• Major fields of Accounting
• Accounting as a Career
• Question for Class Discussions

Basic Accounting Concepts

• The Entity Concept
• The Reliability (or Objectivity) principle
• The cost Principle
• The Going-Concern Assumptions
• The Stable Currency Assumptions
• Ethics-the-Most Fundamental Principle of Accounting

The recording process

• The Recognition Issue
• The Valuation Issue
• The Classification Issue
• The Recording Process
• Analysis of Transaction
• The Journal
• The Ledger
• Balancing the Accounts
• Trial Balance
• Limitations of Trial Balance
• Chart of Accounts

The year and adjustments and financial statements

• Recording Revenue and Expenses
• Accounting Period
• Need for Adjusting Entries
• Adjusting Entries Illustrated
• Preparation of Financial Statements

Accounting for trading organization

• The Purchase Function
• Accounting for Purchase
• Accounting for Stock and Cost of Goods Sold
• Periodic System
• Closing Entries
• Perpetual System
• The Accounting for Sales
• Worksheet
• Preparation of financial Statements
• Departmental Accounts

Accounting Systems

• Developing a System
• Special Journal
• Subsidiary Journal
• Special Journal and Posting Process
• Posting from the Cash Book
• General Journal

Cash and temporary investment

• Nature and Composition of Cash
• Cash Management and Control
• Maintaining Bank Account
• Steps in Preparing the Bank Reconciliation
• Over the counter receipts
• Short term investments

Accounting for debtors and stock

• Accounting Treatment of Bad Debts
• Direct write-Off Method
• Aging Schedule
• Percentage of Sales Method
• Recoveries of Bad debts
• Stock
• Measurement of Stock Quantity
• Measurement of Stock Cost
• Perpetual Stock System
• Periodic Stock System
• First in First out
• Last in First out

Mid-Term

Accounting for property, plant and equipment

• Property, Plant and Equipment
• Lum-sum Purchase
• Subsequent Expenditure
• Depreciation
• Units-of-Output Method
• Reducing-Balance Methods
• Sum-of-the-years-digits Method
• Revaluation
• Review of Useful life
• Intangible Assets and Amortization
• Wasting Assets and Depletion
• Demonstration Problem

Accounting for companies

• The Company
• Types of Company
• Formation of a Public Limited Co,
• Classes of Shares
• Ordinary Shares
• Preference Shares
• Issuance of Shares
• Market Value of Shares
• Share Capital and Share Premium
• No Par Value Share

Company final Accounts

• Published Annual Report
• The contents of the Published Accounts
• Dividends
• Reserve
• Dividend payment process
• Profit and Loss Appropriation Account

Company final Accounts

• Alteration of Capital
• Bonus Shares
• Right Issue
• Stock Splits
• Treasury Stock

Final Exam

RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS

1. Philip Kotler, Principles of Marketing (Latest Edition)
2. David Jobber, Principles of Marketing (Latest Edition)
3. Jerome McCarthy & William, D. Pareanth, Basics Marketing, (Latest Edition)

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed to equip students with essential skills for effective communication in diverse real-world scenarios. It focuses on developing proficiency in English language usage: word choices, grammar and sentence structure. In addition, the course will enable students to grasp nuanced messages and tailor their communication effectively through application of comprehension and analytical skills in listening and reading. Moreover, the course encompasses a range of practical communication aspects including professional writing, public speaking, and everyday conversation, ensuring that students are equipped for both academic and professional spheres. An integral part of the course is fostering a deeper understanding of the impact of language on diverse audiences. Students will learn to communicate inclusively and display a strong commitment to cultural awareness in their language use. Additionally, the course will enable them to navigate the globalized world with ease efficacy, making a positive impact in their functional interactions.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

1. Apply enhanced English communication skills through effective use of word choices, grammar and sentence structure.
2. Comprehend a variety of literary/non-literary written and spoken texts in English.
3. Effectively express information, ideas and opinions in written and spoken English.
4. Recognize inter-cultural variations in the use of English language and to effectively adapt their communication style and content based on diverse cultural and social contexts.

COURSE CONTENTS

Foundations of Functional English

• Vocabulary Building (contextual usage, synonyms, antonyms, and idiomatic expressions).
• Communicative grammar (subject-verb agreement, verb tenses, fragments, run-ons, modifiers, articles, word classes, etc.)
• Word formation (affixation, compounding, clipping, back formation etc.).
• Sentence structure (simple, compound, complex and compound complex)
• Sound production and pronunciation.

Comprehension and Analysis

• Understanding purpose, audience and context
• Contextual interpretations (tones, biases, stereotypes, assumptions, inferences, etc.) Reading strategies (skimming, scanning, SQ4R, critical reading etc.)
• Active listening (overcoming listening barriers, focused listening, etc.)

Effective Communication

• Principles of communication (clarity, coherence, conciseness, courteousness, correctness, etc.)
• Structuring documents (introduction, body, conclusion, formatting)
• Inclusively in communication (gender-neutral language, stereotypes, cross-cultural communication etc.)
• Public Speaking (overcoming stage fright, voice modulation and body language)
• Presentation skills (organization content, visual aids and engaging the audience)
• Informal communication (small talk, networking and conversational skills)
• Professional writing (business e-mails, memos, reports, formal letters, etc.)

Suggested Practical Activities (Optional)

As part of the overall learning requirements, students will also be exposed to relevant simulations, role-plays, and real-life scenarios and will be required to apply skills acquired throughout the course in the form of the final project.

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Understanding and using English Grammar by Betty Schrampfer Azar
2. English in Use by Raymond Murphy
3. The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation by Jane Straus
4. English for Specific Purposes: A Learning Centered Approach by Tom Hutchinsin and Alan Waters
5. Cambridge English for Job-hunting by Calm Downes
6. Practical English Use by Micheal Swan
7. Reading Literature and Writing Argument by Missay James and Alan P Merickel
8. Improving Reading: Strategies, Resources, and Common Core Connections by Jerry Jones and Susan Lenski
9. Comprehension: A Paradigm for Cognition by Walter Kintsch
10. Communication Skills for Business Professionals by J.P. Verma and Meenakshi Raman

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed to introduce key microeconomics concepts and techniques applicable as tools for rational economic decision-making within the micro framework. The course aims to demonstrate the relevance and usefulness of economic analysis to real world business situations. Emphasis is placed on optimal decision-making within the firm and the strategic relationship with other business.

The goal of the course is to provide an introduction to microeconomics. Using microeconomics theory, the students will be able to understand the concepts of demand and supply, the price determination in the market, firm behavior and the structure of the markets.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After studying this course the student will be able to understand:

1. The Economic problem of allocation and distribution of resources.
2. The factors that determine demand and supply and the elasticity of demand and supply.
3. Analyze the effect of market structure on firm behavior and the impact of externalities.
4. The concept of derived demand for labor and capital
5. Income distribution and “fairness”.

COURSE CONTENTS

Basic economic concepts

• Economics: Basic Themes and Nature
• Micro versus Macro Economics
• Positive versus Normative economics
• Economic problem of resource allocation
• Economics relevance to business organizations

Demand and supply analysis

• The demand function.
• Changes in demand.
• The supply function.
• Changes in supply.
• Equilibrium of Supply & Demand
• Elasticity of demand/supply and its measurement.

Approaches to utility analysis

• Cardinal approach and consumer equilibrium.
• Ordinal approach and consumer equilibrium.
• Price, Income and Substitution effects on consumer equilibrium.

Production analysis

• Basic production concepts.
• Total, Average and Marginal Product
• Returns to scale.
• Short-run and long-run production.
• Least-cost factor combination.
• Producer equilibrium.

Cost and revenue analysis

• Various cost concepts.
• The cost of production: Short-run cost, long-run cost.
• Revenue and revenue curves: Total, average and marginal revenues.
• Profit-Maximization

Market structures and pricing

• Market and its forms.
• Price and out-put under perfect competition.
• Price and out-put under monopoly, duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition.

Resource allocation

• Role of the government in market efficiency.
• The theory of Marginal Productivity.
• Market demand for resources.
• Existence of impact of externalities
• Income distribution and fairness

Project/Revision

Final Exam

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. David M. Winch, Micro Economics: Problems and Solutions, Oxford University Press. (Latest Edition)
2. Mc Connell & Brue, Economic 15th Edition., McGraw Hill, INC
3. Muhammad Hussain Choudhry, Economic Theory Volume 1, Caravan Book House, Lahore 2002.
4. Ruffin and Gregory, Principles of Economics, Illionois: Scott Foresman and Company, (Latest Edition).
5. Samuelson and Nordhaus, Economics, New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill, (Latest Edition).
6. Scott and Nigro: Principles of Economics, New York; Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., (Latest Edition).

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed to provide students with an exploration of the practical applications of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and software tools in various domains. Students will gain hands-on experience with a range of software applications, learning how to leverage ICT to solve daily life problems, enhance productivity and innovate in different fields. Through individual and interactive exercises and discussions, students will develop proficiency in utilizing software for communication, creativity, and more.

COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

1. Explain the fundamental concepts, components, and scope of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).
2. Identify uses of various ICT platforms and tools for different purposes.
3. Apply ICT platforms and tools for different purposes to address basic needs in different domains of daily, academic, and professional life.
4. Understand the ethical and legal considerations in use of ICT platforms and tools.

COURSE CONTENTS

• Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies:
• Components of Information and Communication Technologies (basics of hardware. software, ICT platforms, networks, local and cloud data storage etc.).
• Scope of Information and Communication Technologies (use of ICT in education, business, governance, healthcare, digital media and entertainment, etc.).
• Emerging technologies and future trends.

Basic ICT Productivity Tools:

• Effective use of popular search engines (e.g., Google, Bing, etc.) to explore World Wide Web.
• Formal communication tools and etiquettes (Gmail, Microsoft Outlook, etc.).
• Microsoft Office Suites (Word, Excel, PowerPoint).
• Google Workspace (Google Docs, Sheets, Slides).
• Dropbox (Cloud storage and file sharing), Google Drive (Cloud storage with Google Docs integration) and Microsoft OneDrive (Cloud storage with Microsoft Office integration).
• Evernote (Notetaking and organization applications) and OneNote (Microsoft's digital notebook for capturing and organizing ideas).
• Video conferencing (Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, etc.).
• Social media applications (LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, etc.).

ICT in Education:

• Working with learning management systems (Moodle, Canvas, Google Classrooms, etc.).
• Sources of online education courses (Coursera, edX, Udemy, Khan Academy, etc.).
• Interactive multimedia and virtual classrooms.4. ICT in Health and Well-being:
• Health and fitness tracking devices and applications (Google Fit, Samsung Health, Apple Health, Xiaomi Mi Band, Runkeeper, etc.).
• Telemedicine and online health consultations (OLADOC, Sehat Kahani, Marham, etc.).

ICT in Personal Finance and Shopping:

• Online banking and financial management tools (JazzCash, Easypaisa, Zong PayMax, ILINK and MNET, Keenu Wallet, etc.).
• E-commerce platforms (Daraz.pk, Telemart, Shophive, etc.)

Digital Citizenship and Online Etiquette:

• Digital identity and online reputation.
• Netiquette and respectful online communication. Cyberbullying and online harassment.

Ethical Considerations in Use of ICT Platforms and Tools:

• Intellectual property and copyright issues.
• Ensuring originality in content creation by avoiding plagiarism and unauthorized use of information sources.
• Content accuracy and integrity (ensuring that the content shared through ICT platforms is free from misinformation, fake news, and manipulation).

PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS

As part of the overall learning requirements, the course will include:

• Guided tutorials and exercises to ensure that students are proficient in commonly used software applications such as word processing software (e.g., Microsoft Word), presentation software (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint), spreadsheet software (e.g., Microsoft Excel) among such other tools. Students may be assigned practical tasks that require them to create documents, presentations, and spreadsheets etc.
• Assigning of tasks that involve creating, managing, and organizing files and folders on both local and cloud storage systems. Students will practice file naming conventions, creating directories, and using cloud storage solutions (e.g., Google Drive, OneDrive).
• The use of online learning management systems (LMS) where students can access course materials, submit assignments, participate in discussion forums, and take quizzes or tests. This will provide students with the practical experience with online platforms commonly used in education and the workplace.

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. "Discovering Computers" by Vermaat, Shaffer, and Freund.
2. "GO! with Microsoft Office" Series by Gaskin, Vargas, and McLellan.
3. "Exploring Microsoft Office" Series by Grauer and Poatsy.
4. "Computing Essentials" by Morley and Parker.
5. "Technology in Action" by Evans, Martin, and Poatsy.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Islamic studies introduce Islamic teachings, history in classical and modern periods, and contemporary thought.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

• To enhance understanding of issues related to faith and religious life.

COURSE CONTENTS

• Introduction to Quranic Studies
• Basic Concepts of Quran
• History of Quran
• Uloom-ul -Quran

Study of Selected Text of Holy Quran

• Verses of Surah Al-Baqarah Related to Faith (Verse No-284-286)
• Verses of Surah Al-Hujurat Related to Adab Al-Nabi

Verse No-1-18

• Verses of Surah Al-Muminoon Related to Characteristics of faithful

Verse No-1-11

• Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77)
• Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam (Verse No-152-154)

Study of Selected Text of Holy Quran

• Verses of Surah Al-Ahzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6, 21, 40, 56, 57, 58.)
• Verses of Surah Al-Hashr (18,19, 20) Related to thinking, Day of Judgment
• Verses of Surah Al-Saff Related to Tafakur, Tadabbur (Verse No- 1,14)

Seerat of Holy Prophet (PBUH) SECTION ONE

• Life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Makkah
• Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Makkah

Seerat of Holy Prophet (PBUH) SECTION TWO

• Life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Madina
• Important Events of Life Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Madina
• Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Madina

Introduction to Sunnah

• Basic Concepts of Hadith
• History of Hadith
• Kinds of Hadith
• Uloom-ul-Hadith
• Sunnah & Hadith
• Legal Position of Sunnah

Introduction to Islamic Law & Jurisprudence

• Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
• History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
• Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
• Nature of Differences in Islamic Law
• Islam and Sectarianism

Islamic Culture & Civilization

• Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization
• Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization
• Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization
• Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues

Islam & Science

• Basic Concepts of Islam & Science
• Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science
• Quranic & Science

Islamic Economic System

• Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System
• Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics
• Islamic Concept of Riba
• Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce

Political System of Islam

• Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System
• Islamic Concept of Sovereignty
• Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam

Islamic History

• Period of khilafat-e-rashida
• Period of Umayyads
• Period of Abbasids

Social System of Islam

• Basic concepts of social system of Islam
• Elements of family
• Ethical values of Islam

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Ahmad Hasan, “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993)
2. Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia” Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad (2001)
3. H.S. Bhatia, “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep & Deep Publications New Delhi (1989)
4. Hameed ullah Muhammad, ‘Introduction to Islam Maulana Muhammad Yousaf Islahi,”
5. Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Emergence of Islam”, IRI, Islamabad
6. Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Muslim Conduct of State”
7. Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law” Leaf Publication Islamabad, Pakistan.
8. Mir Waliullah, “Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes” Islamic Book Service (1982)

SEMESTER 2

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course aims at giving students knowledge about the working of a mixed economy at the aggregate level under pinning of aggregate output and income determination, key macro-economics problems and major policy debate. The basic themes are extended to find out how the disciplines of national income, macroeconomics in closed and open economy, macro economic stabilization policies, macro-economic components (consumption, saving, private investment, interest etc.), public finance, money and banking link up with conventional macroeconomics.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this course, students will be able to:

1. To learn about the analytical approach economists take to the problem of scarcity.
2. To gain an intuitive understanding of macroeconomic theory and application.
3. To acquire better critical thinking skills through the analysis of present-day economic issues.
4. To provide a foundation for possible careers in business, government, academic or other sectors.
5. To develop a conscious recognition of economics in the world around us.

COURSE CONTENT

Key concepts of macroeconomics

• Objectives and instruments of macroeconomics.
• Tools of macroeconomics policy.
• Aggregate demand and supply.

Measuring economic activity

• Concepts of National Income.
• Measurement of National Income. GDP, NDP, GNP & NNP, Personal Income & Disposable Personal Income
• GDP Deflator and a real GDP
• National Income as a measure of economic welfare

Consumption and investment

• Consumption, Income and saving.
• Consumption Function.
• Saving Function.
• The Marginal Propensity to Consume and Average Propensity to consume
• The Marginal Propensity to Save and Average Propensity to save
• Determinants of Consumption
• Determinants of Investment (Rate of interest, MEC)

Income and employment determination

• Classical approach.
• Modern approach (Keynesian)
• Post Keynesian Approach

Multiplier and accelerator

• Investment Multiplier.
• Tax multiplier, foreign trade multiplier and super multiplier.

Fiscal and monetary policies

• Fiscal Policy
• Monetary Policy

Inflation

• Nature and kinds.
• Inflationary and deflationary gaps.
• Inflation and unemployment.

Business cycle

• The concept of Business Cycle
• Business Cycle Theories
• Business Cycle & Business Decision Making

International trade

• Classical theory of International trade (CIT)
• Modern theory of International trade (H-O-Theorem)
• Economic Integration and Regional Cooperation.
• Protection and free trade.
• WTO (Objectives and role)

Balance of payments

• Balance of Payments Accounts.
• Disequilibrium & Imbalance of Payments.
• Causes and Remedies.

Project/Revision

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Dornbusch and Fischer Macroeconomics, McGraw Hill, New York. (Latest Edition)
2. Mc Connell & Brue, Economic, Mc Graw Hill, INC (Latest Edition)
3. Muhammad Hussain Choudhry, Economic Theory Volume 2, Caravan Book House, Lahore 2002.
4. Ruffin & Gregory, Principles of Economics, Scott, Foresman & Company.
5. Samuelson and Nordhaus, Economics, McGraw Hill, New York. (Latest edition)

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is built upon the Financial Accounting Course in the sense that it provides advanced treatment of basic techniques learned in the first course of Financial Accounting. It mainly focuses upon the company accounts and their understanding in the context of the IAS and companies ordinance 1984.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After studying this course, the student will be able to understand:

1. The formation of financial statements.
2. Exposer about company annual report and notes to the accounts.
3. The accounting for partnership and non-profit organizations.
4. The accounting for consolidated statements.
5. Accounting for leasing and fixed assets.

COURSE CONTENT

Accounting for companies

• The Company
• Types of Company
• Formation of a Public Limited Co,
• Classes of Shares
• Ordinary Shares
• Preference Shares
• Issuance of Shares
• Market Value of Shares
• Share Capital and Share Premium

Accounting for Issuance of shares

Company final Accounts

• Preparing Final Accounts
• Profit & Loss Account
• Appropriation Account
• Balance Sheet
• Published Annual Reports

Company final Accounts

• Alteration of Capital
• Bonus Shares
• Right Issue
• Stock Splits

Accounting for Dividends

Accounting for Bonds and Debentures

• Issuance of Bonds and Debentures
• Redeemable Capital

Preparation and Interpretation of Cash Flow

Important IAS and FRS

• Inventories IAS-2
• Revenue recognition
• Research and Development
• Intangible Assets
• Revaluation of Assets
• Impairment of Assets
• Post balance sheet events

Analysis of Financial Statements

• Ratios
• Trend analysis
• Common size analysis

Accounting for consolidated statements.

Accounting for Partnerships

TEXT/REFERENCES BOOKS

1. By Williams, Haka, Bettner: Financial & Managerial Accounting, Latest Edition. Publisher Prentice Hall
2. Professor Muhammad Ammanullah Khan: Financial Accounting, Latest Edition
3. Frank wood, Business Accounting –II, (Latest Edition)
4. Miegs and Meigs, Accounting for Business Decision, 12th/Latest Edition

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This is an introductory course about the management of organizations. It provides instructions on principles of management that have general applicability to all types of enterprises; basic management philosophy and decision making; principles involved in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling; and recent concepts in management. The principles learned in this course will allow the student to effectively work with and through others in an organization. The course will also encourage the students to explore and inquire the applicability of western management principles and theories in local settings. Besides, the course will discuss the Islamic perspective of managing businesses and organizations.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

This course will cover the basic managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, and learn the evolution and best practices which are been used in today’s modern era.

At the conclusion of this course, the student should be able to:

1. Understand the relevance of the western management principles and theories, for local settings.
2. Apply course concepts and theory in a practical context.
3. Demonstrate empirical investigative skills by producing an in-depth analysis of a management situation usually presented through case studies, resulting in recommendations for a program of action.
4. Recognize the need to take a holistic approach to performance improvement rather than a narrowly functional approach.

COURSE CONTENT

• Introduction to Management
• Organization, The management Process
• The History and evaluation of Management
• Organizational theories and different approaches to management
• The organizational Culture and the Manager
• The external environment and the Manager The internal environment and the manager
• Foundations and basic elements of Planning Process of planning and MBO
• Effective strategic planning
• Decision Making
• The manager’s role as decision maker Decision making process
• Basics of Strategic Management
• Case of Strategic Management Strategic management process
• Organizational Structure
• Types of organizational structures

Mid-term examination

• Case Decision-making
• Human Resource Management
• HRM processes
• Motivation its theories
• Current issues in Motivation
• Team work and Group Behavior
• Case of team and team work
• Leadership and its characteristics
• Leadership styles and behaviors
• The process of Control
• The Control Standards
• Case of Controlling
• Islamic perspective on management
• Presentation
• Staffing
• Presentation
• Conclusion Session
• Terminal Exam (to be announced by the University)

TEXT/REFERENCES BOOKS

1. Mary Coulter & Robbins, Management, International ed.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Expository Writing is a sequential undergraduate course aimed at refining writing skills in various contexts. Building upon the foundation of pre-requisite course, Functional English, this course will enhance students’ abilities of producing clear, concise, and coherent written texts in English. This course will also enable students to dissect intricate ideas to amalgamate information and to express their views and opinion through well-organized essays. The students will further be able to refine their analytical skills to substantiate their viewpoints using credible sources while adhering to established ethical writing norms. Additionally, the course will highlight the significance of critical thinking enabling students to produce original and engaging written texts.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the course students will be able to:

1. Understand the essentials of writing process integrating pre-writing, drafting, editing and proof reading to produce well-structured essays.
2. Demonstrate mastery of diverse expository type to address different purposes and audiences.
3. Uphold ethical practices to maintain originality in expository writing.

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction to Expository Writing

• Understanding Expository Writing (definition, types, purpose, and applications)
• Characteristics of effective expository writing (clarity, coherence and organization)
• Introduction to paragraph writing
• The Writing Process
• Pre-writing techniques (brainstorming, free-writing, mind-mapping, listing, questioning and outlining etc.)
• Drafting (three stage process of drafting techniques)
• Revising and editing (ensuring correct grammar, clarity, coherence, conciseness etc.)
• Proof reading (fine-tuning of the draft)
• Peer review and feedback (providing and receiving technique)

Essay Organization and Structure

• Introduction and hook (engaging the readers and introducing the topic)
• Thesis statement (crafting a clear and focused central idea)
• Body paragraphs (topic sentences, supporting evidence and transitional devices)
• Conclusion (type of concluding paragraphs and leaving an impact)
• Ensuring cohesion and coherence (creating seamless connections between paragraphs)

Different Types of Expository Writing

• Description
• Illustration
• Classification
• Cause and effect (exploring causal relationship and outcomes)
• Process analysis (explaining step-by-step procedures)
• Comparative analysis (analyzing similarities and differences)

Writing for Specific Purposes and Audiences

• Different types of purposes (to inform, to analyze, to persuade, to entertain etc.)
• Writing for academic audiences (formality, objectivity, and academic conventions)
• Writing for public audiences (engaging, informative and persuasive language)
• Different tones and styles for specific purposes and audiences

Ethical Considerations

• Ensuring original writing (finding credible sources, evaluating information etc.)
• Proper citation referencing (APA, MLA, or other citation styles)
• Integrating quotes and evidences (quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing)
• Avoiding plagiarism (ethical considerations and best practices) Suggested Practical Activities (Optional)
• As part of the overall learning requirements, students will be required to build a portfolio having
• a variety of expository texts and present the same at the end of the course showcasing proficiency in expository writing.

Suggested Instructional/Reading Materials

1. The St. Martin’ Guide to Writing by Rise B. Axelrod and Charles R. Cooper
2. They Say /I Say: The Moves that Matter in Academic Writing by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein
3. Writing Analytically by David Rosenwasser and Jill Stephen
4. Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace by Joseph M. Williams and Joseph Bizup
5. The Elements of Style by Willaim Strunk Jr. and E.B. White
6. Good Reason with Contemporary Arguments by Lister Faigly and Jack Selzer
7. Writing to Learn: How to Write - and Think – Clearly About Any Subject at All by William Zensser
8. The Norton Field Guide to Writing by Richard Bullock, Maureen Daly Goggin and Francine Weinberg
9. The Art of Styling Sentences by Ann Longknife and K.D. Sullivan Writing Today by Richard Johnson-Sheehan and Charles Paine

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The subject aims at enhancing students' knowledge about history, culture and geography of Pakistan and to provide an insight into the political and social history of Pakistan from its inception to the present day. The course introduces the various aspects of the political struggle that led to the creation of Pakistan. It also examines concepts of nationhood and patriotism in the light of present day circumstances.

COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVESS

1. To understand the spirit of freedom struggle in the creation of Pakistan.
2. To study the process of governance and national development in the early years of creation of Pakistan.
3. To examine the external and internal challenges the country faced after its independence.

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction

• Advent of Islam in South Asia
• Muslim Cultural Heritage in Indo-Pakistan
• Hindu Muslim relations throughout Muslim period
• Efforts for the revival of Islam in the Sub-continent

Ideology of Pakistan

• Aims and objects of Pakistan’s formation
• Ideology of Pakistan – its importance
• Basis of Pakistan’s Ideology
• Pakistan Ideology in Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam’s writings

Evolution of Muslim Society in the Sub-continent

• Emergence of Muslim Society in South Asia
• Muslim Society – its emergence progress in South Asia
• Decline of Muslim society, scholars and institutions
• National Reformation movements
• Efforts for reformation – role of Shah Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Waliullah and his followers
• Role of Educational Institutions:
• Darul Uloom Deoband; Aligarh University; Nadwatul-Uloom; Jamia Islamia, Delhi; Anjuman Himayat-iIslam and other Institutions such as Sindh Madrassa and Islamia College, Peshawar.

Political Struggle for Pakistan Movement

• Constitutional reforms and Muslims
• Separate elections for Muslims
• Khilafat movement

Pakistan Movement

• Evolution of Muslim nationality (1857-1930)
• Independence of India; its problems and Muslims
• Iqbal’s address at Allahabad (1930)
• Ch. Rehmat ali and Pakistan National Movement
• Elections (1937) and the attitude of Congress
• Government towards Muslims
• Pakistan Resolution
• Elections (1945-46); Constitutional problems and transfer of power.

UStruggle for Pakistan

• Role of the Muslims living in minority provinces
• Role of the Muslims living in majority provinces (Punjab, Sind, N.W.F.P., Balochistan)

Contribution of different classes in Pakistan Movement

• Role of religious scholars (Ulema)
• Role of men of letters and journalists
• Role of youth and students
• Role of women

Emergence of Pakistan:

• Plan of India’s Division and the emergence of Pakistan
• Division of Provinces and Referendum
• Important events (during the partition)

Efforts for the implementation of Islamic System in Pakistan

• Importance of Islamization
• Objective resolution (1949)
• Islamic articles in Pakistan’s Constitution of 1956, 1962 and 1973
• Implementation of Shariah; efforts and contributions
• Tehreek-e-Nizam-e-Mustafa, 1970
• Steps taken towards the goal after 1970
• Study of Islamic Institution such as Zakat, Shariah Courts and the Council for Islamic Ideology
• Our goals; formation of a perfect Islamic Society Unit No.10 Pakistan – Land and Peoples
• Geography: Location: Geographical importance; study of Rural and Urban areas
• Natural resources and their use
• Agriculture and Industry
• Population, Manpower and Education

TEXT/REFERENCES BOOKS

1. Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Emergence of Islam”, IRI, Islamabad.
2. Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Muslim Conduct of State”.
3. Hameed ullah Muhammad, „Introduction to Islam.
4. Mulana Muhammad Yousaf Islahi,”.
5. Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law” leaf Publication Islamabad, Pakistan.
6. Ahmad Hasan, “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993).
7. Mir Waliullah, “Muslim Jrisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes” Islamic Book Service (1982).
8. H. S. Bhatia, “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep & Deep, Publications, New Delhi (1989).
9. Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia” Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad (2001).

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is built upon the mathematical concepts, principles and techniques that are useful in business management. The main objectives of the course are to enhance students‟ competency in application of mathematical concepts in solving business management problems and to improve their level of quantitative approach.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

Upon the successful completion of this course, you should be able to:

1. Mathematical Function
2. Building and solving linear and quadratic equations
3. Types of functions
4. Matrices and its applications
5. Determinants and its applications

COURSE CONTENT

Mathematical Notations

• Introduction to Submission
• Multiplication
• Introduction of Subscripted variables
• Linear Equation involving one variable

Quadratic Equations

• Solution of Quadratic Equations by factorization method
• Solution of Quadratic Equations by square completion methods
• Solution of Quadratic Equations by quadratic formula
• Applications of quadratic equation

Linear Equations

• Characteristics of Linear Equations
• Graphical Characteristics
• Writing of the Linear Equation
• Slope - Intercept Form
• Slope and Point formula
• Two-point formula
• Determining the Equation of a Straight-Line Linear Equations involving more than two variables

Systems of Linear Equations and Their Applications

• Introduction
• Two variables Systems of Equations.
• Elimination method
• Three variable system of Equations
• Elimination method
• Applications of Linear Equations and Systems of Equations

Systems Of Linear Equations And Their Applications

• Introduction
• Two variables Systems of Equations.
• Gauss – Jordan Elimination method
• Three variable system of equations
• Gauss-Jordan Elimination method
• Applications of Linear Equations and Systems of Equations

Systems of Linear Equations and Their Applications

• Introduction
• Two variables Systems of Equations.
• Gauss – Jordan Inversion method
• Three variable system of equations
• Gauss-Jordan Inversion method
• Applications of Linear Equations and Systems of Equations

Non-linear functions and their applications

• Non-linear Functions- Introduction
• Quadratic Functions, Characteristics and Their Applications
• Polynomial Functions.
• Exponential Functions & Applications
• Logarithmic Functions, Properties of Logarithmic Functions

Matrices

• Introduction to Matrices
• Types of Matrices
• Matrix Operations
• Inverse of Matrix
• The Determinant & its Properties
• The Method of Cofactors

Determinants

• Determinants
• Properties of Determinants
• Determinants and Non-Singularity
• Special Determinants
• Solution of Linear Equations by Determinants
• Charamer‟s Rule

Determinants

• Solution of Linear Equations by Determinants
• Inverse Matrices Method

RECOMMENDED/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Cheryl Cleaves, Business Maths, Pearson (Latest Edition)
2. Burton, Shelton, Business Maths using Excel, South-Western Cengage Learning
3. Budnick, Mathematics for Business Economics and Social Science

SEMESTER 3

• COURSE DESCRIPTION
• This course introduces undergraduate business students to the fundamentals of business analytics and its role in supporting data-driven decision-making. The focus is on understanding core concepts, analytical techniques, and practical applications in marketing, finance, HR, and operations. Students will learn how to use simple tools (Excel, Power BI, or similar) to analyze data, generate insights, and present findings in a clear and professional manner.

COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

1. Understand the role of business analytics in modern organizations.
2. Explain key concepts of descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics.
3. Use basic tools to organize, visualize, and interpret business data.
4. Apply analytics concepts to solve simple business problems in different functional areas.
5. Communicate data-driven insights effectively in business settings.

COURSE CONTENT

Part I: Foundations

• Introduction to Business Analytics: What and Why?
• The role of analytics in decision-making
• Types of analytics: descriptive, predictive, prescriptive

Part II: Working with Data

• Sources of business data (internal & external)
• Data quality, cleaning, and preparation (basic concepts)
• Introduction to spreadsheets for business analysis

Part III: Descriptive Analytics

• Understanding and summarizing business data
• Basic charts and visualization techniques
• Using descriptive analytics for business reporting

Part IV: Predictive Analytics (Introductory Level)

• Introduction to forecasting and trend analysis
• Simple predictive techniques (e.g., regression, correlation — concept only, light math)
• Applications in sales forecasting, customer behavior, and financial trends

Part V: Prescriptive Analytics (Introductory Level)

• What is prescriptive analytics?
• Optimization and decision-making basics
• Real-life examples in operations, supply chain, and marketing

Part VI: Business Applications

• Case studies in marketing, HR, finance, and operations
• Analytics for competitive advantage
• Limitations and ethical considerations in business analytics

Part VII: Project & Presentation

• Small group project using Excel/Power BI to analyze a dataset
• Presenting insights and recommendations to a business audience

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS

Core Texts:

1. Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J., Fry, M. J., Ohlmann, J. W., Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., & Williams, T. A. (2021). Business Analytics. Cengage.
2. Evans, J. R. (2019). Business Analytics, 3rd Edition. Pearson.

Supplementary / Local-Friendly Options:

• Shmueli, G., Bruce, P., Gedeck, P., & Patel, N. R. (2020). Data Mining for Business Analytics. Wiley.
• Selected HBR (Harvard Business Review) articles on analytics in business decision-making

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is basically designed to provide students the basic understanding of key HRM functions, which include HR planning, recruitment & selection, compensation, performance evaluation, and training & development. Since human resource provides a competitive advantage that ultimately has a vital role in success and effectiveness of any organization, this course emphasizes on the understanding of the basic concepts of managing human resource and their applications in today’s organizations. The course is designed to help the students understand if western human resource management theories and practices have any relevance to the local settings. The course will also discuss the Islamic perspective of managing human resource. It will shed light on the basic tenets of human resource management given by Qura‟n and Sunnah. The students will also be encouraged to compare and contrast the human resource practices suggested in their textbooks and the practices critical for achieving success from indigenous perspective.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this course, students should be able to

1. Have knowledge of activities and decisions of management including recruitment, selection, training, motivation, and productivity of employees.
2. Understand the relevance of the HRM theories and practices, developed in Western settings, in indigenous cultures.
3. Demonstrate and assess leadership in a professional context, by selecting and appraising appropriate styles for situations, and contributing and discussing relevant expertise, liaising with and assessing professional colleagues, and managing and evaluating a supporting team.
4. Identify and discuss ethical implications of situations and decisions and develop appropriate professional stances.
5. Participate in selection of personnel using psychometric assessment techniques.

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction

• Meeting present human resource requirements What is HRM
• Why HRM is important
• Emerging Human resource management challenges. Trends in HRM
• Global vs local HRM practices
• HRM from Islamic and indigenous perspective
• Basic Islamic philosophy of managing human resource
• Conducting Job analysis. HR Planning
• Job Description
• Job Specification

Staffing

• Recruiting and selecting employees Recruitment techniques
• Sources of recruitment
• Selection tests and Interviewing techniques

Employee development

• Performance appraisals Performance management
• Training and development Training the employees Types of training
• Technique of training

Mid-term examination

• Developing careers Career growth
• Project Description and discussion

Compensations

• Managing compensation Types of compensation
• Rewarding performance Pay for Performance
• Designing and administering benefits
• Types of benefits
• Employee relations

Project Presentations

Conclusion Session

Terminal Exam (to be announced by the University)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Luis R. Gomez Mejia, David B. Balkin, Robert L. Cardy Managing Human Resources. (Fourth ed.)

COURSE DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVE

The main objectives of the course are to enhance students‟ competency in application of statistics to solve business management problems and to improve their level of quantitative sophistication for further advanced business analysis.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the conclusion of this course, the student will be:

1. Data description and data presentation in a business environment.
2. Measures of Central Tendency.
3. Measure of Relative Dispersion.
4. Basic probability concepts and probability distributions as an aid to business decision making.

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction

• Definition
• Descriptive Statistics & Inferential Statistics
• Statistics Applications in Business

Data condensation and presentation

• Data
• The Data Array and Frequency Distribution
• Relative Frequency Distribution
• Cumulative frequency distribution
• Graphical Representation

Data condensation and presentation

• Graphical Representation
• Pie Chart
• Frequency Bar Chart
• Frequency Histogram
• Frequency Polygon
• Ogive

Measures of central tendency for grouped and ungrouped data

• Means: (Arithmetic, Geometric, Harmonic)
• The Median
• The Mode
• Quartiles

Measures of dispersion for grouped and ungrouped data

• Range
• Mean absolute deviation
• Variance
• Standard Deviation
• Relative Dispersion

Index numbers

• Defining an Index Number
• Un-weighted Aggregates Index
• Weighted Aggregates Index
• Average of Relative Methods
• Quantity and Value Indices

SETS

• Basic Sets and Subsets
• Operations on sets
• Venn Diagram

Permutation and combination

• Successive event principle
• Permutations for all or part of elements of a set
• Permutation of the objects ranged in circle
• Combination

Probability and laws of probability

• Basic concepts
• Addition rules of probability
• Conditional Probabilities
• Multiplication rule of probability

Mathematical expectation

• Expected value.
• Expected monetary value.
• Decision criterion utility & Expected Utility.

Probability distribution

• Basic concept
• Types of Probability Distribution.
• Random variables
• The Binomial distribution
• The Poisson Distribution
• The Normal Distribution
• Distribution of continues Random variable.
• Sample regression and correlation

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. David, S Moore et.al, Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 6th Edition WH. Freeman.
2. Levin I. Richard., Statistics for Management, 4th ed; McGraw Hill.
3. Engle wood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall International, 1987.
4. Michael J. Evans & Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, Probability and Statistics, WH Freeman
5. Starr K. Martian & Sobal Gross Marion, Statistics for Business and Economics, 1st Ed; New York, McGraw Hill, International, 1983.
6. Walpole, R, Introduction to Statistics, Edition 3
7. Shaum and Seigel, Statistics for Business (Latest Edition)

COURSE DESCRIPTION

A basic overview of the scientific study of the mind and behavior is provided by the Introduction to Psychology course, which covers subjects including personality, development, emotion, and cognition. In addition to learning about observable behaviors and internal experiences like thoughts and feelings, students also study the field's history, research methodologies, and key theories and concepts. Fostering critical thinking, giving people a basic understanding of human nature for a variety of occupations, and assisting people in understanding who they are and how they connect with others are the objectives.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After successful completion of the course:

1. Have a solid understanding of the fundamental ideas and theoretical stances that explain human behavior. They will be able to identify the intricacy of interpersonal interactions and human behavior.
2. They will be able to comprehend psychology as a scientific discipline that employs empirical approaches to comprehend various facets of human behavior.

COURSE CONTENT

What is Philosophy

• The subject matter of Philosophy
• The divisions of Philosophy
• Historical Periods of Philosophy
• The methods of Philosophy
• The elements of Critical Thinking
• The Value of Philosophy

Theory of Knowledge

• Rationalism
• Empiricism

Moral Philosophy

• Kantian Ethics
• Utilitarianism
• Relativism

Political Philosophy

• Equality
• Money
• Employment
• Democracy
• Freedom
• Positive
• Negative

Philosophy of Art

• Significant from Theory
• Idealist Theory
• Institutional Theory

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Thomas F. Wall. Thinking Critically about Philosophical Problems. Wadsworth Publishers.
2. Julian Baggini. Philosophy key themes. Palgrave macmilian publishers.
3. Nigel Warburton, 4th Edition. The basics philosophy. Routledge Publishers.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course will introduce students with the subject matter of social science, its scope, nature and ways of looking at social phenomenon. It will make the participants acquaintance with the foundations of modem society, state, law, knowledge and selfhood. While retaining a focus on Pakistani state and society, students will encounter theoretical concepts and methods from numerous social science disciplines, including sociology, politics, economics anthropology and psychology and make them learn to think theoretically by drawing on examples and case studies from our own social context. Students will be introduced to the works of prominent social theorists from both western and non-western contexts. Instruction will include the use of written texts, audio­ visual aids and field visits.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

The course has following outcomes:

1. Understanding sociology's key concepts, theories, and methods, analyzing social structures and interactions.
2. Applying the sociological imagination to contemporary issues, and recognizing the role of culture, social inequality, and social change in society
3. Help students to understand the foundations of society including culture, socialization, politics and economy
4. Make them aware about the understanding of various themes pertains to social science in local context

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction to Sociology

• Origin of sociology
• Scope and significance
• Professions in sociology
• Relationship of Sociology with other social sciences

Sociology as a science of society

• Scientific Investigation of Society
• Methods of sociological research

Sociological perspective

• functional perspective
• conflict perspective
• Symbolic interactionism
• Prominent Sociological theorists and philosophers

Definition, aspects and characteristics of Culture

• Material and non-material culture
• Ideal and real culture
• Elements of culture
• Beliefs
• Values
• Norms and social sanctions

Organization of Culture

• Traits
• Complexes
• Patterns

Culture Related Concepts

• Cultural Relativism
• Sub Cultures
• Ethnocentrism and Xeno centrism
• Cultural Lag
• Multiculturalism

Cultural diversity

Socialization and Theories

• Concept and types
• Stages
• Personality development
• Agents
• Theories

Social Institutions in Pakistan

• Family
• Religious
• Economic
• Political
• Education
• Health
• Recreation

Social Groups

• Definition and Functions
• Types of social groups

Social Role and Status

• Meanings
• Ascribed and achieved status
• Role conflict and role strain

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS

1. Giddens, A. (2018). Sociology (l l1hed.). UK: Polity Press.
2. Henslin, J.M. (2018). Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach.(18111Edition) Pearson Publisher.
3. Macionis, J. J. (2016). Sociology {I 61h ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
4. Qadeer, M. (2006) Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transfonnation in a Muslim Nation.
5. Smelser, N.J. and Swedburg, R., The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Chapter 1 'Introducing Economic Sociology', Princeton University Press, Princeton.
6. Systems of Stratification IBoundless Sociology (no date). Available at:
7. https://courses.lumenleaming.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/systems-of-stratification/
8. Jalal, A. (ed.) (1995) 'The colonial legacy in India and Pakistan', in Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Contemporary South Asia)
9. Zaidi, S. A. (2015) Issues in Pakistan's Economy: A Political Economy Perspective. Oxford
10. University Press. Chapter 26
11. Akhtar, A. S. (2017) The Politics of Common Sense: State, Society and Culture in Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Smelser, N.J. and Swedburg, R., The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Chapter
13. 'Introducing Economic Sociology', Princeton University Press, Princeton.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Philosophy investigates the most fundamental concerns of human existence and the universe. Philosophy solves these problems using the human ability to reason: philosophical explanations are founded on logical arguments that analyze and aim to justify views. It is beneficial to reflect critically on your own and others' thoughts. Thus, philosophy is a type of study in which you uncover what you think and then consider whether your beliefs are truly worth retaining.

COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this course student should be able to:

1. Apply the theoretical concepts to academic and practical life.
2. Analyze philosophical concepts that emerge in everyday contexts. 3. develop intellectual autonomy, analysis of different worldviews, scientific inquiry, and a commitment to employ analytical reasoning and intellectual integrity.

COURSE CONTENT

What is Philosophy

• The subject matter of Philosophy
• The divisions of Philosophy

Historical Periods of Philosophy

• The methods of Philosophy
• The elements of Critical Thinking
• The Value of Philosophy

Theory of Knowledge

• Rationalism
• Empiricism

Moral Philosophy

• Kantian Ethics
• Utilitarianism
• Relativism

Political Philosophy

• Equality
• Money
• Employment
• Democracy
• Freedom
• Positive
• Negative

Philosophy of Art

• Significant from Theory
• Idealist Theory
• Institutional Theory

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Thomas F. Wall. Thinking Critically about Philosophical Problems. Wadsworth Publishers.
2. Julian Baggini. Philosophy key themes. Palgrave macmilian publishers.
3. Nigel Warburton, 4th Edition. The basics philosophy. Routledge Publishers.

SEMESTER 4

COURSE DESCRIPTION

We all communicate. Communication plays a major role in all human activity. It is part of our culture. Within the business community, public and private organizations, and the professions communication is associated with the more specific activities of interacting, informing, instructing and persuading. People who possess demonstrable skills in these activities are employed, prized and promoted. If businesses are to survive in an increasingly competitive and information-oriented environment, they will need trained.

Communicators, who can speak, write and interact with others efficiently, effectively and professionally.

This course is intended to provide participants with advanced understanding of the concepts and principles of professional business communication and to support the development of their skills in interpersonal, spoken and business-related communications through practice and feedback. Course participants will be encouraged to participate actively in the course through their group presentations, reflections and academic writing.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon satisfactory completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Understanding the value of efficient communication in business.
2. Understanding and practicing various areas of business communication.
3. Learning to use various channels of corporate communication.
4. Understanding how to speak effectively in diverse business scenarios.

COURSE CONTENT

Communication in Organizations

• The basic communication process
• Language
• Nonverbal communication
• Listening
• Role of culture and diversity on communication in the workplace

Qualities of communication within business organizations

• Methods of communicating in business organizations
• Written
• Oral
• Electronic
• Benefits of effective communication in your career
• Challenge of communication in the global market
• Background to intercultural communication
• A concept of culture
• An intercultural communication model
• National cultural variables
• Education/law and regulations/economics/politics/religion/social norms/language
• Business communication and the technology
• Managing information within organizations
• History of technological developments
• Challenges to the organization made by new technologies
• E-mail
• Understanding the internet
• Establishing security
• Other communication technologies
• Managing information outside organizations
• Managing crisis communication
• The process of preparing effective business messages
• Strategies for improving oral presentations
• Strategies for an effective nonverbal delivery
• Strategies for reducing stage fright
• Signs of discomfort
• Interviewing
• Interview purposes
• Interviewee’s responsibilities
• Interviewer’s responsibilities
• Telephoning
• The process of preparing effective business messages
• Five planning steps
• Indirect (inductive) approach
• Beginning and endings
• Opening paragraphs/closing paragraphs
• Self-Disclosure and Trust
• Forming groups for presentation/essay; self-disclosure and trust
• Persuasive Communication
• Group Presentations; Persuasive
• Communication
• Conflict Resolution and Negotiation
• Group Presentations; conflict and negotiation
• Working in Teams for Success Group Presentations; working in teams
• Confidence Building, how to be impressive Personality
• Project Presentations

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Court Bovee, John Thill, Business Communications Essentials, Prentice Hall, Latest Edition

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The Civics and Community Engagement course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the importance of civic participation, culture and cultural diversity, basic foundations of citizenship, group identities and the role of individuals in creating positive change within their communities. The course aims at developing students' knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for active and responsible citizenship.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing this course, students will be able to:

1. Display a fundamental understanding of civics, government, citizenship, and civil society.
2. Understand the concept of community and recognize the importance of community involvement for both individuals and groups.
3. Recognize the value of variety and inclusion in promoting societal harmony and peaceful cohabitation.

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction to Civics & Community Engagement

• Overview of the course: Civics & Community Engagement Definition and importance of civics
• Key concepts in civics: citizenship, democracy, governance, and the rule of law
• Rights and responsibilities of citizens

Citizenship and Community Engagement

• Introduction to Active Citizenship: Overview of the Ideas, Concepts, Philosophy and Skills Approaches and Methodology for Active Citizenship

Identity, Culture, and Social Harmony

• Concept and Development of identity, Group identities
• Components of Culture, Cultural pluralism, Multiculturalism, Cultural Ethnocentrism, Cultural relativism, Understanding cultural diversity, Globalization and Culture, Social Harmony, Religious Diversity (Understanding and affirmation of similarities & differences) Understanding Socio-Political Polarization
• Minorities, Social Inclusion, Affirmative actions

Multi-cultural society and inter-cultural dialogue

• Inter-cultural dialogue (bridging the differences, promoting harmony) Promoting intergroup contact/ Dialogue
• Significance of diversity and its impact Importance and domains of Inter-cultural dialogue

Active Citizen: Locally Active, Globally Connected

• Importance of active citizenship at national and global level Understanding community
• Identification of resources (human, natural and others)
• Utilization of resources for development (community participation) Strategic planning, for development (community linkages and mobilization) Human rights, constitutionalism and citizens' responsibilities Introduction to Human Rights
• Human rights in constitution of Pakistan Public duties and responsibilities Constitutionalism and democratic process

Social Institutions, Social Groups, Formal Organizations and Bureaucracy

• Types of Groups, Group identities, Organizations Bureaucracy, Weber's model of Bureaucracy
• Role of political parties, interest groups, and non-governmental organizations

Civic Engagement Strategics

• Grassroots organizing and community mobilization
• Advocacy and lobbying for policy change
• Volunteerism and service-learning opportunities

Social issues/Problems of Pakistan

• Overview of major social issues of Pakistani society

Social Action Project

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Glencoe McGraw-Hill. (n.d.). Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, and Youth.
2. Magleby, D. B., Light, P. C., &Nemacheck, C. L. (2020). Government by the People (16th ed.).
3. Pearson.
4. Sirianni, C., &Friedland, L. (2005). The Civic Renewal Movement: Community-Building and Democracy in the United States. Kettering Foundation Press.
5. Bloemraad, I. (2006). Becoming a Citizen: Incorporating Immigrants and Refugees in the United States and Canada. University of California Press.
6. S. Kuyek, J. (2007). Community Organizing: Theory and Practice. Fernwood Publishing.
7. DeKieffer, D. E. (2010). The Citizen's Guide to Lobbying Congress. TheCapitol.Net.
8. Rybacki, K. C., &Rybacki, D. J. (2021). Advocacy and Opposition: An Introduction to Argumentation (8th ed.). Routledge.
9. Kretzmann, J.P., & McKnight, J. L. (1993). Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Towards Finding and Mobilizing a Community's Assets. ACTA Publications.
10. Patterson, T. E. (2005). Engaging the Public: How Government and the Media Can Reinvigorate American Democracy. Oxford University Press.
11. Love, N. S., & Mattern, M. (2005). Doing Democracy: Activist Art and Cultural Politics. SUNY Press

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Marketing management course is geared toward providing an understanding of the rationale for marketing decisions from a managerial perspective and the manipulation of marketing mix to achieve business goals. Practically marketing management encompasses activities such as demand creation and Stimulation, positioning, product differentiation, and product and brand management among others. All these activities involve planning, analysis, and decision-making.

This course will require the integration of theory and practice. Students will have to make strategic marketing decisions based on analytical techniques they have learned in this course. They will have to devise a marketing plan that is based on a sound conceptual framework, and with a focus on its practical applicability.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course the students should be able to:

1. Identify and apply the marketing concepts, processes and activities within appropriate types of business environment.
2. Identify and analysis the environmental factors (internal and external) that have implication for marketing management and will affect the marketing decisions.
3. To analyze and seek to identify gaps in the needs and wants of the customer so that appropriate strategy can be proposed to create customer value through competitive advantage.
4. Apply and practice the concepts of marketing in the marketplace within the ethical standards of cultural diversity, religion and mankind.

COURSE CONTENT

Marketing: an overview

• Definitions
• The evolution of marketing management.
• The marketing concept and social responsibility.
• The importance and scope of marketing.
• The basic functions of marketing.

Marketing information systems

• Concept and components of marketing information systems.
• Marketing intelligence system.
• Marketing research system.
• Analytical marketing system.
• Marketing decision support system.

Consumer markets and consumer behavior analysis

• Demographic dimensions of consumer market.
• Behavioral dimensions of consumer market.
• The consumer's decision process.
• The buyer's decision process.
• The industrial market, the reseller market and the Government market.
• Organizational markets and their buying objectives & structures.

STP marketing

• An overview of marketing opportunities and target markets
• Market segmentation concept patterns & procedure
• Dimensions to segment consumer and industrial markets
• Market targeting and product positioning

Product markets strategies

• Basic concepts of product planning.
• The product life cycle: Stages and marketing strategies.
• New product planning and development.
• Product-mix strategies.
• Branding, packaging and labeling.

Pricing strategies and policies

• Procedure for price setting.
• Methods of setting prices.
• Price-adaptation strategies
• One-price and flexible-price polices.
• Price level policies over the product life cycle.
• Initiating and responding to price changes.

Marketing channel decisions

• Channel - design decisions.
• Channel - management decisions.
• Channel dynamics.

Promotional strategies

• Effective advertising programs.
• Sales promotion and public relations programs.
• The strategic personal selling process.
• Strategic sales-force management.

Concluding session and exams

RECOMMENDED TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, Analysis, Planning, Control, Prentice Hall.
2. William J. Stanton & Charles Futrell, Fundamentals of Marketing, McGraw Hill.
3. Jagdesh Sheth and Dennis E. Garrett, Marketing Management: A Comprehensive Reader, South Western Publishing.
4. E. Jerome McCarthy & William. D. Pareanth, Basic Marketing: Managerial Approach, IRWIN.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The course basically deals with the introduction of those commercial laws which are directly or indirectly related to Business. It includes a short study of contract law, partnership Act, companies‟ ordinance and Negotiable instrument.

The emphasis in this course is to introduce the students with the basic concepts of conventional business law and its implementation in the contemporary financial institutions. The course is outlined in such a way to show the basic philosophy of conventional Business Law along with some example from case study.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the conclusion of this course, the student will be:

1. Define and understand business law.
2. Understand the Sale of Goods Act.
3. Know the Partnership Act.
4. Understand the Negotiable Instruments Act.
5. Apply and practice the law in commercial cases.

COURSE CONTENT

• Definition and classification of Laws, overview of general and commercial terms, Business Entities such as sole proprietorship, partnership and joint stock companies
• Definition of a contract, Essential elements of a valid contract, Legal provision governing offers, communication, acceptance or counteroffer, consideration, agreement, lawful purpose, parties to the contract and their intent to create contractual obligations
• Rights and Duties of parties, specific performance of the contract, Discharge of the contract, Breach of the contract and remedies, illegal, avoidable and void contracts
• Definition and Essential Elements of a partnership, partnership deeds, rights and duties of partners, partnership distinguished from sole proprietorship and the companies
• Individual and Joint liabilities of the partners for the firm debts, principles governing ownership of the firm’s asset and distribution of profits, implied and specific authority of the partners, principle of holding out, Dissolution of the partnership
• Concept of limited liability and Juristic person Requirement and process of incorporation, Effects of incorporation, types of joint stock companies by nature and formation, ownership and management of the companies
• Rights of the shareholders, Rights, power and duties of the Board of Directors, Statutory provisions governing the election of Directors, meeting of the shareholders and the board of Directors, disclosure requirements and the financial statements
• Listed vs. non listed companies, advantages and disadvantages of listing, listing requirements of Stock Exchange. salient provision of Code of Corporate Governance, Brief discussion of Securities and Exchange Commission Of
• Pakistan as the corporate watch dog

Mid-term exam

• Definition, Nature of the contract of sale, conditions and warranties, Definition, Nature of the contract of sale condition and warranties
• Transfer of property, performance of the contract of sale, Delivery of the goods, Unpaid seller and auction sale, Consignment basis, Delivery against advance payment, supply against letter of credit, types of letter of credit
• Laws relating to indemnity, guarantees, bailment, hypothecation, pledge and Mortgage, agency agreement
• Evolution of Banks, types of banks, major function of banks,
• Negotiable instruments Act, Definition, characteristics of Negotiable instruments,
• Bill of Exchange and promissory Notes, parties to instrument, negotiation and endorsement, liabilities of the parties, payment and discharge of liabilities
• Revision
• Final exam

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Dr. Khwaja, Amjad Saeed, Mercantile and Industrial Laws in Pakistan Latest Edition Institute of Business Management.
2. Nazir Ahmad Shaheen, Practical approach to the Companies Ordinance Latest Edition, PLD.

RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Sajid A Qurashi, Business Law, Latest Edition.
2. Liaqat Ali Butt, The Negotiable Instrument, Latest Edition, PLD.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Ethical considerations are essential for individual growth, excellence, and organizational survival in the marketplace. Number of organizations around the globe have recognized, accepted the challenge and social responsibility is a prominent feature in their practices, products, and services. However, ethical dilemmas can arise in various situations as companies try to harmonize profit-making vs ethical responsibilities, to understand, analyze and respond to these changes needs a solid and careful understanding of business ethics. This course intends to introduce contemporary aspects of ethics in the business with a particular focus on the corporate world. This course discusses the foundations of business ethics, explains the concepts of moral philosophies, business ethics in the corporate settings, leaders, and managers' ethical responsibilities, and social and ecological business ethics. The challenges posed by ethical dilemmas in real-world situations will be encapsulated through the use of narratives and case studies.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. Understand the relationship between ethics, sustainability, virtues organization, and economic activities.
2. Understand the barriers involved in ethical decision making at the organizational and individual level and moral dilemmas faced by the businesses about local and global operations.
3. Formulate measures to integrate ethics into business practice and in management, in the marketplace, and the role of virtues in leading organizations.
4. Increased awareness of the challenges of corporate social responsibility/sustainability, their impact on the competitive advantages of the firm and society.
5. Skills to anticipate, identify, analyze, and appropriately respond to ethical challenges.

COURSE CONTENT

An Overview of Business Ethics

• Business Ethics Defined
• Social Responsibility and Business Ethics
• The development of Business Ethics
• Why study Business Ethics
• Framework for Studying Business Ethics

Ethical Issues in Business

• Foundation of Ethical Conflict
• Classification of Ethical Issues
• Ethical Issues Related to Participants and Functional Areas of Business
• Recognizing an Ethical Issue

Applying Moral Philosophies to Business Ethics

• Moral Philosophy Defined
• Moral Philosophy Perspectives

Social Responsibility

• The Economic Dimension
• The Legal dimension
• The Ethical Dimension
• The Philanthropic Dimensions

An Ethical Decision-Making Framework

• Ethical Issue Intensity
• Individual Factors: Stages of Cognitive Moral Development
• Corporate Culture
• Significant Others
• Opportunity
• Business Ethics Evaluations and Intentions
• Using the Ethical Decision- Making Framework to Improve Ethical Decisions

How the Organization Influences Ethical Decision Making

• Organizational Structure and Business Ethics
• The Role of Corporate Culture in Ethical Decision-Making
• Group Dimensions of Organizational Structure and Culture
• Implications of Organizational Relationship for Ethical Decisions

The Influence of Significant Others in the Organization

• Interpersonal Relationships in Organizations
• Organizational Pressures and Significant Others
• Leadership
• Significant Others and Ethical Behavior in Business

The Role of Opportunity and Conflict

• Opportunity
• Conflict

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS

1. Boylan Michael, Series Editor, Basic Ethics in Action Series, Prentice Hall, 2001.
2. Ferrell, O.C, and Fraedrich, John, Ethical Decision Making and Cases, New York, Houghton Mifflin, 2002 (5th Edition).
3. Marcus Alfred A., Business and Society, Irwin, (2nd Edition), 1998
4. Post James E. and Lawrence Ann T., Business and Society, (10th Edition), 2006.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Learning Objectives: An overview of basic concepts and principles of finance with particular emphasis on risk, return and valuation. An exposure to students with variety of real world problems faced by financial managers. An opportunity to apply theoretical concepts in actual life situations with special reference to our domestic economy. |An insight of working and operations of financial system (with special focus on its components i.e. financial institutions and financial markets).

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the course, students are able to

1. Understand key corporate finance concepts.
2. Evaluate different financing strategies and their impact on a company's value and risk management techniques and their importance.
3. Develop critical thinking skills to apply financial principles to real-world scenarios.

COURSE CONTENT

• An Overview of Corporate Financing: Book value vs. market value; dividend, stockholders' rights, classes of stocks and convertible securities
• Analyze stockholder rights and different types of stocks.
• Discuss the concept of dividends and payout policies
• Corporations Issue securities, Venture capital, the underwriters, General Cash offers by public companies and the private placement.
• Learn about different ways companies raise capital, including issuing securities.
• Explore the role of venture capital and underwriters in public offerings.
• Compare and contrast public offerings and private placements
• Corporate Payout Policy, Does Debt Policy Matter, how much should a corporate borrow
• Analyze the concept of payout policy and dividend decisions.
• Evaluate the impact of debt on a company's financial health.
• Discuss factors influencing optimal debt levels for a corporation.
• Class debate: Should companies prioritize debt or equity financing?
• Financing and Valuation, Credit Risk and the value for corporate debt
• Explore the concept of financing and its impact on company valuation.
• Analyze different types of credit risk and their implications for debt financing.
• Evaluate how credit risk affects the value of corporate debt.
• Case study
• The Many different kinds of debt, leasing, Managing Risk, managing international risk
• Learn about various debt instruments, including bonds and leases.
• Explore risk management techniques used by companies.
• Analyze specific strategies for managing international financial risk.
• Working Capital Management
• Understand the importance of working capital management for a company.
• Analyze strategies to optimize a company's working capital.
• Learn about managing cash flow, inventory, and receivables.
• Mergers and Corporate Restructuring
• Explore the different types of mergers and corporate restructuring.
• Evaluate the financial considerations behind mergers and acquisitions

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS

1. Brealey, R., Myers, S., & Allen, F. (2023). Principles of Corporate Finance. (14th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
2. Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., & Jordan, B. D. (2018). Corporate Finance, 2010]. Fun.

Text Books and Software:

1. Scott Besley, Comprehensive Notes for Essentials of Managerial Finance, 2003 Edition, (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt, Inc., 2003).

Any book on fundamentals of Business Finance

SEMESTER 5

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed to give an overview of the principles and methods of business research: identification of research question, development of theoretical framework and model, securing the respondents, making a test investigation, sampling, collecting data, types and errors of collected data, tabulating and analyzing the information, interpreting the findings and stating the conclusion through a series of class projects. Practical experience is offered to the students on how research techniques and procedures are applied to solve the business problems. This course is also designed to encourage the students to explore the application of theories that have been predominantly developed in Western cultures by using different research method techniques. An understanding of the relevance of Western research for local practice would help students to explore various business-related problems and their plausible solutions from indigenous perspective. The course will also help the students in understanding the importance of the business research as a management decision tool and in dealing with various business-related theoretical and applied problems.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this course, the students should be able to

1. Translate basic/applied business issues into appropriate academic research questions.
2. Understand the links between the issues being investigated and the method of investigation.
3. Understand the governing principles in the qualitative and the survey research traditions, the merits and limitations of each, and of their independent and supporting roles in business contexts.
4. Use different software for statistical analysis and interpretation.
5. Acquire the ability to interpret research results and establish the substantive meaning and implications of the findings for managerial practice.

COURSE CONTENT

• The Role of Business Research What is business research
• Why it is important
• The relevance of Western theories and research for local managers
• How theories are developed
• Why context is important in social sciences
• The research process: An overview
• What are the key steps in research process Types of research
• Problem Definition and the Research Proposal Contents of research proposal
• Writing effective research proposals
• Exploratory Research and Qualitative analysis Qualitative research and theory building
• Survey Research: An Overview Survey method and business research
• Survey Research: Basic Method of Communication with
• respondents
• Measurement and Scaling Concepts Types of measures
• Types of scales
• Attitude Measurement
• Types of attitudes and their relevant scales
• Questionnaire Design Open ended questions Close ended questions
• Sample Designs and Sampling Procedures Types of Sampling
• Relevance of sampling technique to research question
• Determination of Sample Size
• Basic Data Analysis: Descriptive Analysis Entering data in SPSS
• Univariate Analysis
• Using SPSS for univariate analysis
• Bivariate Analysis: Tests of Differences Tests of mean differences
• ANOVA
• Data analysis and interpretation Regression analysis using SPSS CFAs and Path analysis using Amos
• The Research Report Contents of a research paper
• Managerial decision making and Research
• Policy implications for managers

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. William G. Zikmund, Business Research Methods, Latest Edition, Thomson Learning

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The Course deals with examining Cost Accounting as a tool for providing information for manufacturing, internal reporting, external reporting as well as for managerial decision making. The broad COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVESS are to help students to understand the central concepts of Cost Accounting, the methods of conducting data analysis preparation of reports for managerial decision making.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After studying this course student will be able to understand:

1. Defining cost accounting and its purpose, differentiating it from financial accounting, and identifying cost concepts and behaviors
2. Determine per unit cost of the products and services
3. Generate such useful financial and non-financial information that can be used by the management to plan, measure and control the performance.

COURSE CONTENTS

• Cost Accounting Concepts and Objectives.
• Financial Statements The bases for planning and control
• Costs: Concepts, Uses and Classification
• Job Order Costing, Process Costing:
• Planning and Control of Factory Overhead.
• Joint and byproduct casting.
• Planning and Control of Materials.
• Planning and Control of Labor.
• Value Cost and Profit Analysis.
• Differential Cost Analysis
• Project/ Presentations

RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS:

1. Matz Usry latest Edition, Cost Accounting: Planning and Control
2. Matz, Hammer Usry (1985) 9th edition Cost Accounting South-western Publishing Co
3. Garrison H. Ray, Noreen W. Eric (2004) 10th edition Managerial Accounting,

Irwin

COURSE DESCRIPTION

With more than half of the new jobs being created in the world economy by small businesses, the particular problems and experiences encountered in starting and developing new enterprises are clearly worth studying. This course of Entrepreneurship has been designed to provide the participants with an overall understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship and small business management.

Participants will be prepared to start, survive, and succeed in their own businesses.

For those who consider becoming part of a big traditional business, while working for someone else, as a viable career option, it is hoped that participation in this course will orient them towards thinking and acting more entrepreneurially and creatively in the big business ambiance. Thus, regardless of their future plans and hopes, this course can benefit them greatly in how they think and act, from an entrepreneurial viewpoint, in the future.

The course puts a strong emphasis on the development of a real world, workable, implementable business plan that applies the proper methods, techniques and skills needed for successfully developing and growing a new venture. While some theory will be explored, the major thrust of this course will be to ensure that the primary product of the course, the Business Plan, and other assignments which have immediate and real world application.

This course is about learning of risk and failure and growing from it. It is about learning to forge one‟s ideas into workable business concepts, commit them to paper, and flesh them out into a reasonable form that can be tested to see if it could stand up to the demands of the market. The students must write at a top level, argue the potential of their ideas, and convince investors that their ideas are worth being born in the marketplace.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing this course, the participants should be able to:

1. Developing foundational business knowledge.
2. Understanding the entrepreneurial process from ideation to implementation.
3. Acquiring practical skills like market research, business planning, and financial management

COURSE CONTENTS

Entrepreneurship: an evolving concept

• Entrepreneurship – A perspective
• Emerging Trends: The Internet and E-Commerce

Entrepreneurial opportunities

• The evolution of Entrepreneurship
• The myths & approaches to entrepreneurship

Understanding strategic issues in business plan development

• Comparative analysis entrepreneurship in other countries
• Strategic Objectives
• Competitor Analysis

Understanding strategic issues in business plan development

• STP Strategies
• Marketing Mix Strategies

Understanding the entrepreneurial perspective in individuals

• The Entrepreneurial Perspective
• The Dark side of Entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneurial Motivation

Entrepreneurial perspective in organizations – corporate entrepreneurship

Social entrepreneurship and the ethical challenges of

Entrepreneurship

Innovation: the creative pursuit of ideas

• Opportunity Identification: The search for New Ideas
• Entrepreneurial Imagination and Creativity
• The role of Creative Thinking
• Arenas in Which People Are Creative
• Innovation and the Entrepreneur
• The Innovation Process

Pathways to entrepreneurial ventures

• The Pathways to New Ventures for Entrepreneurs
• Creating New Ventures
• Acquiring an Established Entrepreneurial Venture
• Franchising: The Hybrid

Legal challenges for entrepreneurial ventures

• Legal Challenges for the Entrepreneurial Venture
• Intellectual Property Protection: Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks
• Identifying Legal Structures for Entrepreneurial Ventures
• Sole Proprietorships
• Partnerships
• Corporations
• Specific Forms of Partnerships and Corporations
• Understanding Bankruptcy

Sources of capital for entrepreneurial ventures

• The Entrepreneur’s Search for Capital
• Debt Versus Equity
• The Venture Capital Market
• Informal Risk Capital: “Angel” Financing

Assessment of entrepreneurial plan

• The Challenge of New- Venture Start-Ups
• Pitfalls in Selecting New Ventures
• Critical Factors for New-Venture Development
• Why New Ventures Fail
• The Evaluation Process

Marketing challenges for entrepreneurial ventures

• The Marketing Concept for Entrepreneurs
• Marketing Research
• Inhibitors to Marketing Research
• Internet Marketing
• Developing the Marketing Concept
• Developing a Marketing Plan
• Pricing Strategies

Financial preparation for entrepreneurial ventures

• The Importance of Financial Information for Entrepreneurs
• Understanding the Key Financial Statements
• Preparing Financial Budgets
• Pro Forma Statements
• Capital Budgeting
• Break-Even Analysis
• Ratio Analysis

Developing an effective business plan

• What is a Business Plan?
• Pitfalls to Avoid in Planning
• Benefits of a Business Plan
• Developing a Well- Conceived Business Plan
• Elements of a Business Plan
• Updating the Business Plan
• Presentation of the Business Plan: The “Pitch”

Strategic entrepreneurial growth

• The Nature of Strategic Planning in Emerging Firms
• Strategic Planning
• The Lack of Strategic Planning
• The Value of Strategic Planning
• Managing Entrepreneurial Growth
• Venture Development Stages
• The Entrepreneurial Company in the Twenty-First Century
• Building the Adaptive Firm
• The Transition from an Entrepreneurial Style to a Managerial Approach
• Understanding the Growth Stage
• Unique Managerial Concerns of Growing Ventures
• The International Environment: Global Opportunities
• Achieving Entrepreneurial Leadership in the New Millennium

Valuation of entrepreneurial ventures

• The Importance of Business Valuation
• Underlying Issues When Acquiring a Venture
• Due Diligence
• Analyzing the Business
• Establishing a Firm‟s Value
• Term Sheets in Venture Valuation
• Additional Factors in the Valuation Process

Harvesting the entrepreneurial venture

• Harvesting the Venture: A Focus on the Future
• The Management Succession Strategy
• Key Factors in Succession

Projects/ presentations

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Entrepreneurship – Theory Process Practice, Donald F. Koratko 8th Edition (South Western - Cengage Learning)

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Financial Management course aims at imparting knowledge about the fundamental concepts and tools of financial management. It emphasizes the importance of financial management skills to individuals and enterprises. You are expected to gain an initial understanding of the finance function in an organization, the role of the finance manager and the financial environment in which the firm operates. The financial environment covers the understanding of financial and capital markets along with the broad orientation of macroeconomic factors affecting the business. The emphasis will remain on developing the skills for planning, appraising and evaluating the investment, financing and operating decisions.

Course Goals

The students should be able to discuss the current financial problems, opportunities, trends regarding overall financial markets; money as well as capital markets

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of the course, students are expected to:

1. This course will provide the students to learn about financial markets mechanism, cash flows of business firms, financial planning and budgeting.
2. The students would be able to learn about the application of time value of money concept and its practical problems.
3. The students would also know about working capital management, Current assets and current liabilities management and its impact on liquidity and profitability

COURSE CONTENT

An Overview of Financial Management

• Scope of Financial management
• Business organizations
• Organization of the finance function
• Finance management vs. other managerial functions
• The finance manager and the financial environment
• Financial markets
• Financial institutions
• The roles of the finance manager
• Goals of the firm
• Agency problems and their mitigation

Time Value of Money

• The role and perspectives of the TVM concept
• Future values
• Present values
• The relationship between future and present values
• Annuities
• Future and present values of cash flows under high compounding frequency
• Impact of higher compounding frequency
• Inflation and the Time Value of Money
• Selected applications
• Sinking fund
• Providing for Retirement
• Deferred Annuities
• Loan Amortization

Bond and Their Valuation

• Definition, types and features of bonds
• Valuation of bonds (the basic process)
• Basic relationships in bond valuation
• Bondholder’s expected rate of return
• Risks associated with bond returns

Stocks and Their Valuation Shares and their basic features

• Benefits from a share investments
• Price of ordinary shares
• Behavior of expected dividend growth and share price
• Price of shares based on earnings
• Expected rate of return
• Preferred shares and their characteristics
• Price of preferred shared and the expected rate of return
• Valuing the entire business

Risk and Return

• Expected returns and risk defined
• Calculating expected return
• Calculating risk (Variance and Standard deviation)
• Portfolios and portfolio weights
• Portfolio expected returns
• Portfolio variance and standard deviation
• Systematic and unsystematic risk
• Diversification and portfolio risk
• The principle of diversification and beta
• Measuring systematic risk
• Portfolio beta
• Beta and the risk premium
• Security market line
• Capital asset pricing model

Analysis of Financial Statements

• Ratio Analysis
• Liquidity Ratios
• Asset Management Ratios
• Debt Management Ratios
• Profitability Ratios
• Market Value Ratios
• Trend Analysis
• Comparative Ratios and ?Benchmarking?
• Uses and Limitation of Ratio Analysis

Mid Terms

The Cost of Capital

• The cost of capital concepts
• Individual and weighted average costs of capital
• Costs of capital and valuation
• Capital structure/ Leverage Analysis
• Capital structure decision (No taxes or other capital market imperfections)
• Taxation and capital structure decision
• Debt equity ratio, cost of capital and the value of the firm (The MM Propositions)
• Optimal capital structure
• Costs of financial distress and bankruptcy
• The static trade-off theory
• The pecking order theory
• Personal taxes
• Evidence on capital structure determinants

Working Capital Management an Short-Term Planning

• Working capital defined
• Working capital management policy options
• Working capital cycle and other cash flows
• Working capital dynamics
• Cash management
• Inventory Management

Capital Budgeting Techniques

• Computation of initial investment
• Computation of operating cash flows
• Computation of terminal cash flows
• Capital budgeting process
• Capital budgeting motives
• Capital budgeting rational
• Independent Vs. Mutually Exclusive Projects
• Computation of payback period, net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index, annualized net present value.
• Capital budgeting under risk: probability decision tree, probability distribution, sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, simulation (Monticorlo simulation), coefficient of variation, certainty equivalents.

Contemporary Financial Management Systems

• Islamic Finance
• Difference between traditional and Islamic finance
• Islamic modes of financing
• Other financial systems

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Jemes C. Vanhorne: Fundamentals of Financial Management
2. Eugene F. Brigham: Fundamentals of Financial Management
3. Brealey, R. A. & Myers, Principles of corporate finance.
4. Lawrence J. Gitman, Principles of Managerial Finance.
5. Febozi, Fundamental of Financial Management

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The study and practice of international relations is interdisciplinary in nature, blending the fields of economics, history, and political science to examine topics such as human rights, global poverty, the environment, economics, globalization, security, global ethics, and the political environment. Historically, the establishment of treaties between nations served as the earliest form of international relations. International relations allows nations to cooperate with one another, pool resources, and share infonnation as a way to face global issues that go beyond any particular country or region. This course provides a comprehensive introduction to international relations, focusing in particular on its origins and historical evolution, its key concepts, major theoretical frameworks, main actors and institutions, the global architecture of power, and its dynamic nature in the process of globalization. More specifically, this course introduces concepts of power, statecraft, diplomacy, foreign policy, political economy and international security, and examines the evolution of international relations as a subject.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Acquire the basic knowledge of international relations and understand the concepts of basic methodologies to interpret international events.
2. Solve, analyze and evaluate the problems using critical thinking while observing different multi-view political phenomenon.

COURSE CONTENT

• IR as an academic Field
• Realism, Liberalism, Marxism, Social Constructivism
• Relevance to Current Issues
• US, Russia and Rise of China
• Development of the International System
• History of state development (City State to Empires)
• Westphalia and Emergence of State system
• Industrial revolution and French Revolution
• World War I & World War II
• Cold War and Post-Cold War
• States and Other Actors
• Sovereignty and Nationalism
• States, IGOs, TNAs
• Globalization
• Foreign Policy
• Diplomacy
• Domestic politics and the outside world, public opinion
• International Institutions, United Nations, Security Council, General Assembly
• UN Agencies, World Bank/ IMF
• Regional organizations: NATO, ASEAN and SAARC etc.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Devetak, R., George, J.& Percy, S. (2017). An introduction to i11ternatio11a/ relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Baylis, J., Smith, S., & Owens, P. (2004).T/ze globalization of world politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course introduces students to the principles of analyzing and evaluating arguments with a focus on both deductive and inductive reasoning. Students will learn to recognize common logical fallacies, distinguish between validity and truth, and understand the structure of sound arguments. Emphasis is placed on developing practical skills for clear communication, effective problem-solving, and informed decision-making. By applying these tools, students will enhance their ability to critically assess information and construct well-reasoned arguments in academic, professional, and everyday contexts.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. To develop students’ understanding of basic concepts and vocabulary of logic.
2. To define and identify arguments and distinguish deductive from inductive arguments.
3. To understand the relationship between language and reasoning, and to define and clarify the expressions.
4. To understand the concept of logical form and be able to use specific logical forms such as conditionals to test arguments for validity.
5. To identify fallacious reasoning: psychological, material and formal in everyday conversation and popular media forms.
6. To develop ability to seek out and evaluate evidence, reliable sources and other information relevant to the support of conclusions of reasoning.

COURSE CONTENT

• Basic Logical Concept
• Analyzing Arguments
• Categorical Propositions
• Categorical Syllogisms
• Syllogisms in Ordinary Language
• Symbolic Logic
• Methods of Deduction
• Minor Project Presentations
• Quantification Theory
• Analogical Reasoning
• Fallacies
• The Uses of Language
• Definition
• Causal Reasoning
• Science and Hypothesis
• Final Project Presentations

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS

1. Cleave, M. V. (2016). Introduction to logic and critical thinking. USA: BC Campus, BC Open Textbook Project.
2. Hurley, P. J., & Watson, L. (2018). A concise introduction to logic (13th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
3. Kelley, D. (2013). The art of reasoning: An introduction to logic and critical thinking (4th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
4. Merrilee H., & Salmon, M. H. (2012). Introduction to logic and critical thinking (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
5. Vaughn, L. (2018). The power of critical thinking: Effective reasoning about ordinary and extraordinary claims (6th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

SEMESTER 6

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Consumer Behavior (CB) is a course designed to enhance students understanding of how and why consumers purchase (or do not purchase) goods and services. It will combine both the theoretical concepts of consumer behavior and its application for marketing strategies related to private, public and non-profit sections. At the conceptual level it will seek to present and integrated framework around which major areas of consumer behavior can be understood and applied.

This course will explore and identify market identities and various sources of influence with the way consumers think and learn from market related information. The knowledge and understanding gained from this course can be utilized in the market place to make rational decisions to satisfy consumer needs and wants and remain loyal to products.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course the students should be able to:

1. To develop an understanding of the consumer and the internal and external factors that makes each consumption situation unique.
2. To develop an understanding of consumer behavior research in modern marketing.
3. To develop an understanding of the dynamic and evolving nature of consumer behavior.
4. Appreciate the importance of consumer-oriented strategies to the organizations and to enable the development of appropriate marketing strategies.

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction

• Concept of consumer behavior, its definition, its practical evolution and the consumer decision making process
• Consumer-Customer; Pyramid Framework and differentiating between consumer and the customer

Consumers and market segment

• Determinants of market segments and their characteristics

Consumer research process

Consumer decision process

Influences on consumer behavior

• Cultural influence on CB
• Social class influence on CB
• Family life cycle and their influence on CB
• Demographics and their influence on CB

Personal influence on consumer behavior

• Personality and self-concept
• Motivation
• Attitude and change
• Information processing and learning

Consumer innovation and adaptation process

Characteristics of B2B Buying Behavior, Organizational Buying Behavior - Consumer Markets

Conclusion and Revision

FINAL EXAM

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Hawkins, Mothersbaugh and Best, Consumer Behavior, Latest Edition
2. Shiffman and Kanuk, Consumer Behavior, Latest Edition
3. Loudon and Bitta, Consumer Behavior, Latest Edition

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This is a fundamental course for the students of business administration. The course is designed to give concept of information systems and their importance for business success. Different information technology applications in business to manage better and how it will provide support to decision makers for strategic business decisions will be discussed. Different applications like hospital information systems, corporate information systems, city information systems, crime information and control systems, Transaction process system etc. will be discussed.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completing this course, students will be able to:

1. Describe how data is captured, organized and managed using a data management system and design a simple database using data modeling techniques
2. Design effective user interfaces and explain the importance of internal controls for information systems
3. Describe the different technologies, techniques and infrastructure of transaction processing systems associated with various transaction cycles
4. Identify and analyze risk factors, discuss measures to mitigate risks and the importance of business continuity planning
5. Explain how various information systems are designed to support the decision-making process for business managers.

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction to Information Systems in Business Why study information systems

Why business need information technology

Fundamentals of Information System

Solving Business Problems with Information Systems

• Systems approached to problem solving
• Developing information system solutions

General Systems Model of the Firm

Computer Software, Hardware (Overview from Managerial

Perspective)

DBMS

MS Access (A comprehensive workshop)

IS for Business Operations

• Business information systems
• Transaction processing system

Accounting Information System/ Financial Information System

Decision Support System/ Financial Support System

Marketing Information System

Transaction Processing System

IS for Strategic Advantage

• Fundamentals of strategic advantage
• Strategic applications and issues in IT

IS & Artificial Intelligence

Enterprise & Global Management

Managing IT (Planning & Implementing Change)

Final Project (Report Submission & Presentations)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Kenneth C. Laudon, Management Information System- Managing the digital firms, Prentice Hall of India, (Latest Edition)
2. James O‟Brien, Management Information Systems, (Latest Edition)
3. Raymond Mcleod, Jr, Management Information Systems, Prentice Hall (Latest Edition)

COURSE DESCRIPTION

In the wake of recent financial crisis, monetary system has grown out of historical circumstances. Economic analysis convinces us that to some extent our institutions cannot be other than what they are. For example, we may not have to use paper currency, but clearly some kind of medium of exchange is essential to run any economic system. Once conventions establish themselves as institutions, they dictate what purposes in fact can be served. An important objective of this course is to investigate the principal financial institutions involved in our macro economy.

This course provides an overall perspective on the monetary and financial institutions. Monetary institutions can only be understood if one knows the magnitudes of the economic variables associated with them.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course it is expected that the student will be able to understand:

1. the concept of the money, money demand & supply
2. Monetary theories the impact of monetary variables on real variables
3. The role of central bank and Instruments of monetary policy
4. the concept of trade deficit, exchange rates, and the impact of capital inflows (and capital outflows)
5. The Islamic perspective on money and banking

COURSE CONTENT

Money

• Nature
• Definition and Functions.
• Types of Money
• Evolution of Fiat Money

Demand for money

• The transactions precautionary and speculative motives.
• Factors affecting the demand for money.

Supply of money: types of money

• The concept M1 to M4
• The process of money creation and sources.

Monetary theories

• The crude Quantity Theory
• Modern Quantity Theory
• Inventory Theoretic Approach

Central banking

• Functions of central bank
• The central reserve system
• Modern banking and creation of money.
• Control of Credit & money by the Central Bank and the instruments used for it

Commercial banking

• Commercial bank and its functions
• Commercial banks and payment system
• Commercial banks and money stock
• The organizations and structure of banks
• Lending to business firms
• Policies and procedures

Foreign exchange and trade

• Foreign exchange determination
• Theory of international trade
• Import/export and letters of credit
• Trade financing
• Islamic Perspective of money and banking

TEXT/REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Mishkin, Frederic. S, The Economics of Money and Banking and Financial Markets, 8th edition, Pearson Education
2. Meenai, S. A. Money and Banking in Pakistan, Karachi, Oxford University Press.
3. Lucket, D. G., Money & Banking, McGraw Hill.
4. Mc Connell & Brue, Economic 15th Edition., McGraw Hill, INC
5. Rose, Peter S., Commercial Bank Management, McGraw Hill.
6. Zamir Iqbal & Abbas Mirakhos, An introduction to Islamic finance.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

In this course students will focus on:

• Operations Management (OM) manifests a dominant role in an organization for converting inputs into outputs.
• Selection of product / service
• Product/ Service and Process Design selection through forecasting
• Kano’s Design Elements of quality with regard to customers' perceptions and needs.
• Robust design, Reliability and Taguchi's approach.
• Design for Standardization, Customization and Mass Customization,
• Determination of Capacity - Long-term and Short-term through Forecasting.
• Economic viability through break even analysis, Step Costs
• Process choice and facility layout
• Variety Volume Trade-off
• Human Contact and Customization in Product and especially Service Design
• Becoming more responsive to the Customers' needs by adopting Cellular Layouts - clinching simultaneously the benefits of customization of a Job Shop and Efficiency/ Low costs of Repetitive Assembly Lines

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course, the students should be able to know:

1. Understanding the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization.
2. Build the theoretical ideas of converting materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization.
3. Develop theoretical ideas as to how operations management teams attempts to balance costs with revenue to achieve the highest net operating profits possible.

COURSE CONTENT

Introduction

• What is Operations Management (OM)? Highlighting the line function in the Organization Structure.
• Production of goods and provision of services.
• Difference between Tangible goods and intangible services.
• Ensuring raw materials availability, scheduling and converting inputs into outputs through production processes: merging electronic technology with operations management for Customer Ease and. Convenience and Operations Productivity

SWOT Analysis and Productivity

• Assessing External and Internal Factors. How can an organization become more competitive through adoption of SWOT Analysis?
• How Decisions are Hierarchical - Top Down
• Every individual function in an organization helps achieve competitiveness - HRM, Finance, Purchase, IT, Marketing.
• Which function contributes the most towards accomplishing Organizational Productivity?
• Who establishes Productivity Standards and Calibrations?
• The Industry and Trade Standards are established to be followed by manufacturers or service providers.
• The Regulatory Body, if present, also plays a leading role.
• Product Profiling - matching the needs of the market with organization's production capabilities.
• Productivity Metrics: multifactor productivity, total productivity, growth in productivity.
• Handy reckoner for Operations Performance:
• Labour, Machine, Capital, Energy, Space Productivities

Product and Service Design

• Manufacturability and Serviceability
• Service: Service Delivery System, Product Bundle, Service Package
• Robust Design ‘
• Kano Model - Design Quality Elements
• Robust Design, Reliability under Normal Operating Conditions and
• Taguchi's Approach
• Making Resource Sales - Warranties
• Phases in Production Design and Development - from Feasibility
• Analysis to Product Introduction to Follow-up Evaluation
• Designing for Production: R&D - Basic, Applied and Development
• Reverse Engineering and Leapfrogging
• Concurrent Engineering
• Why are services more customized than products
• DFM, DFA, DFD, DFR and the 3 R's
• Reduce (Value Analysis), Refurbish/Remanufacture and Recycle
• Cradle to Grave Assessment and End of Life (EOL) Program

Capacity Determination

• Capital Intensity Labour Intensity Ratio
• Variety Volume Trade off
• Measuring Capacity - Designed Capacity, Utilization, Efficiency, Effective Capacity
• Forecasting for the Long Term Capacity Requirements
• Long Term Capacity Considerations
• Flexibility of Variety and Volume, Life Cycle (PLC) Stage, Systems Approach, Chunk Burden, Smoothing Out seasonal idle capacity,
• Optimum Capacity, Incremental or Big Bang Capacity Expansion.
• Matching Capacity Requirement with Economic Viability through Break Even Analysis and Step Costs
• Profitability calculation through Cost Volume Analysis
• Managing Capacity - Day to day Operations through Forecasting and Revenue Management/Yield Management - managing Seasonal Volatility in demand
• Evaluating Outsourcing – Make or Buy Decision
• Industries/Businesses facing dilemma of Excess and Idle Capacity: Health Care, Automobiles, Telecom, Airlines, Hospitality.
• Process Selection
• Process Choice
• Job Shop, Batches, Repetitive, Continuous, Projects.
• Is it important to follow the above sequence of adoption of Process Degree of Customization and Degree of Standardization?
• Variety Volume Trade off

Facility Layout

• The two ends of the continuum - Process (Functional) Layout - Product (Sequential) Layout
• Comparison between Functional Layout and Cellular Layout Advantages of Cellular Layout over Job Shop - a Process Layout
• Why would a shift from a Functional Layout to Cellular Layout occur?
• As of today which of the following would be the most cost-effective, flexible and responsive layouts on the market:
• Process Layout, Cellular Layout, and Flexible Manufacturing System.
• Due Diligence conducted/certain table stakes to be fulfilled before opting for Cellular Layout

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Operations Management (McGraw-Hill Series in Operations and Decision Sciences)
2. Jack: Straight from the Gut by Welch, Jack, Byrne, John A. (October 1, 2003) Paperback

SEMESTER 7

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course is designed for the students to understand composition of Pakistan Economy and its management during different government regimes. They will also learn issues related to agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors. They will also be familiarized with various issues like unemployment, inflation, poverty, and income distribution.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

On the completion of this course, students would be

1. Thoroughly aware of the strengths and weaknesses of different sectors of Pakistan’s economy.
2. Able to dram comparative analysis of Pakistan’s Economy with the regional economics and evaluate where we stand.

COURSE CONTENT

Overview of Pakistan Economy

• Development Experience, Approaches, Policies, and Outcomes. Identification of Issues: The era of 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Structural Change and Sources of Growth.
• Emergence of economic issues overtime with limited development in Pakistan.

Development Planning and Resource Mobilization

• Major Targets of Develop Plans and Emerging Issues
• Neglects and Successes: Mobilization of Domestic Resources;
• Shortages, Deficits and Role of Foreign Aid.
• Land Reforms and Its Impacts, the Role of Green Revolution and its Impacts: Present Status

Agriculture and Industrial Development: Emerging Issues

• Agricultural Development Policies and Priorities, Agricultural Adequacy, Agricultural Price Policy and Income Tax.
• Sectoral Terms of Trade. Industrial Development Policies and Strategies. Development of Large and Small Industries.
• Value Added: Manufacturing Goods vs. Primary Goods Production. Agriculture vs. Industry: Development Debate.

Sectoral Development, Employment Pattern and Unemployment

• Sectoral Priorities and Development Issues.
• Human Resource Development and Emerging Issues: Population Growth, Labour Force Participation Rate and Employment Pattern, Unemployment and Underemployment, Good Governance, Social Action Plan and its Impact.
• Role of Institution in Development. Social Sectors development vs. High Return Sectors: Growth trade off.

International Debt and Dependency

• Concepts of Foreign Aid and Debt. Borrowing vs. Domestic Reserve Mobilization (failure).
• Size of Foreign Debt, Debt Saving and its Impacts.
• Strategies to combat with High Debt: Saving Policy, Foreign Trade Promotion, Cutting non-development Expenditures, Rescheduling and its Impacts.
• Debt Management in Pakistan and its Impacts. Debt Modeling and Future Implications.

Poverty and Income Distribution

• Pattern of Income Distribution: Rural and Urban.
• How to Combat Poverty: Growth Strategy, Basic Needs, Labour Intensive Investment: Education / Training etc. and Social Action Plan (SAP), its Role and Critical Review, Evasion of Policies / Strategies to Combat Poverty and Improving Income Distribution: Critical Evaluation.
• Neglect of Human Resource Development. Child Labour.
• Factors Productivity Issues.

Inflation, Foreign Trade Deficit and Emerging Issues

• Sources of Inflation in Pakistan. Policies to Combat Inflation and their Impacts. Trade Performance, Instability and its Impacts.
• Policies to Combat Deficit and Trade Instability. WTO and its Impacts. Reforms and Further Needs. Expected Impacts of WTO and Challenges. Terms of Trade Issues, Market Access and Health Related Rates.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

• S. Akbar Zaidi, (2011). Issues in Pakistan’s Economy, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press.
• Shahrukh Rafi Khan. (2004). Fifty Years of Pakistan’s Economy: Traditional Topics and Contemporary Concerns, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Mahbool ul Haq, (1989). A Profile of Poverty in Pakistan, Oxford University Press for the Centre for Human Development (MHCHD).
• Mahboob ul Haq. (1999). Human Development in South Asia: The Crisis of Governance, Karachi: Oxford University Press for the Human Development Centre.
• World Bank, World Development Reports.

COURSE DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVE

This course provides the manager's perspective in the fields of international payments, international trade, and the analyzation of investments. Emphasis is given to the materials and concepts that illuminate the strategies, structure, practices, and effects of multinational enterprises. The topics to be covered are: The Nature of International Business Management; Marketing to Customers with Diverse Cultural Backgrounds; Operations in Diverse Political and Legal

Environments; Finance in the International Marketplace; Human Resources and Employees of Diverse Cultural Backgrounds; and Strategy and Structure of International or Global Enterprises.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course it is expected that the student will be able to

1. Understanding global market dynamics, developing strategic decision-making skills for international contexts
2. Managing cross-cultural interactions
3. Applying digital tools and technologies
4. fostering ethical and sustainable
5. Mastering supply chain management and risk assessment

COURSE CONTENT

The nature of international business

• Why study global business
• The process of internationalization
• Theories of internationalization
• Regional trading blocs

Cultural influences on international business

• Importance of culture
• The elements of culture
• Evaluating cultural differences
• Culture and MNC‟S

The international economic environment

• Economic systems
• Economic structure
• International organizations (WTO, UNO, IBRD, IMF, OPEL EU)
• Theories of international trade
• Theories of international investment.
• The balance of payment
• Free trade versus protection
• Techniques of protection
• Trade in services

The international political and legal environment

• Political factors
• The international legal environment
• The conflict of laws
• Arbitration
• Uniform laws
• Economic and Political Integration

The multinational company

• The pros and cons of multinationals
• Control of MNC activities
• MNC conflict with national government
• Techniques of host country control
• UNCTAD codes
• The OECD codes

Direct foreign investment

• Trends in direct foreign investment
• Reasons for direct foreign investment
• Strategies for direct foreign investment
• Acquisitions
• Cross border mergers and takeovers
• Transaction cost analysis

International technology transfer

• Reasons for technology transfer
• Licensing and franchising
• Legal aspects of franchising
• Patent violations
• Protection of trade mark
• International agreements concerning intellectual property

International logistics and distribution

• Sea transport, air transport, rail and road transport
• INCOTERMS
• Warehousing
• Distribution channels
• Use of agents and distributors
• Agency contracts
• Special Distribution problems

International financial management

• The international monetary system
• Exchange rates
• International capital markets
• Management of foreign exchange risk
• Bills of exchange, letters of credit and factoring

International business entries.

• Exporting
• Joint ventures
• Subsidiaries
• Locating export markets
• International marketing research
• International market segmentation

Final Project (Report Submission & Presentations)

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK

1. Roger Bennett. International Business 2nd edition, Financial Times Pitman publishing.

REFERENCE BOOK

1. Czinkota, Michael. R Ronkainen, Ilkka.A (2001) Global Business, 3rd Edn, South- Western
2. Claude M. Jonnard, International Business and Trade: Theory, Practice, and Policy, International Business Series.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course emphasizes organizational issues related to electronic commerce, such as business models for B2B or B2C e-commerce, technology infrastructure, electronic payment mechanisms, information privacy, and competitive advantage.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

The objectives of the course are to provide students with an appreciation of the major technical and organizational issues related to e-commerce. By the end of the semester, the student will be able to:

1. Explain how electronic commerce can be used to create a competitive advantage for an organization.
2. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different business models related to B2B and B2C electronic commerce;
3. Analyze a business case and identify strengths and weaknesses in the organization‟s e-commerce strategy;
4. Explain many technical, ethical, and policy issues in electronic commerce (e.g., data mining, security, privacy, and intellectual property rights) as well as how individuals, organizations, and policy makers are addressing these problems.
5. Explain the effects of policy decisions on e-commerce and businesses

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction to e-Commerce

• To define electronic commerce (EC) and describe its various categories.
• Describe and discuss the content and framework of EC.
• Describe the major types of EC transactions.
• Describe the digital revolution as a driver of EC.
• Describe the business environment as a driver of EC. Describe some EC business models.
• Describe the benefits of EC to organizations, consumers, and society.
• Describe the limitations of EC.
• Describe the contribution of EC to organizations responding to environmental pressures.

e-Commerce Infrastructure

• Define e-marketplaces and list their components. List the major types of e-marketplaces and describe their features. Describe the various types of EC intermediaries and their roles.
• Describe electronic catalogs, shopping carts, and search engines.
• Describe the various types of auctions and list their characteristics. Discuss the benefits, limitations, and impacts of auctions.
• Describe bartering and negotiating online. Define m- commerce and explain its role as a market mechanism. Discuss liquidity, quality, and success factors in e-marketplaces. Describe the economic impact of EC. Discuss competition in the digital economy.
• Describe the impact of e-marketplaces on organizations

Business Models and e- Commerce

• Describe electronic retailing (e-tailing) and its characteristics. Define and describe the primary e-tailing business models.
• Describe how online travel and tourism services operate and their impact on the industry. Discuss the online employment market, including its participants, benefits, and limitations.
• Describe online real estate services. Discuss online stock-trading services. Discuss cyber-banking and online personal finance.
• Describe on-demand delivery by e-grocers. Describe the delivery of digital products and online entertainment. Discuss various e- tail consumer aids, including comparison-shopping aids. Identify the critical success factors and failure avoidance tactics for direct online marketing and e-tailing. Describe re-intermediation, channel conflict, and personalization in e-tailing

e-Commerce Strategy

• Describe the factors that influence consumer behavior online. Understand the decision-making process of consumer purchasing online.
• Describe how companies are building one-to- one relationships with customers. Explain how personalization is accomplished online.
• Discuss the issues of e-loyalty and e-trust in EC. Describe consumer market research in EC. Describe Internet marketing in B2B, including organizational buyer behavior.
• Describe the objectives of Web advertising and its characteristics. Describe the major advertising methods used on the Web. Describe various online advertising strategies and types of promotions.
• Describe permission marketing, ad management, localization, and other advertising-related issues. Understand the role of intelligent agents in consumer issues and advertising applications.

Supply Chain Management and e-Commerce

• Define the e-supply chain and describe its characteristics and components. List supply chain problems and their causes. List solutions to supply chain problems provided by EC.
• Define e-commerce and list the major types. Describe collaborative planning and Collaboration, Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishing (CPFR) and list the benefits of each.
• Define intra-business EC and describe its major activities. Discuss integration along the supply chain. Understand corporate portals and their types and roles.
• Describe e-collaboration tools such as workflow software and groupware.

Innovative EC Systems

• Describe e-government to citizens (G2C) to businesses (G2B) and to others. Describe various e-government initiatives. Discuss online publishing, e-books, and blogging. Describe e-learning and virtual universities.
• Describe knowledge management and dissemination as an e-business. Describe C2C activities.
• Understand how peer-to-peer technology works in intra-business, in B2B, and in C2C

e-Commerce Security and Controls

Document the trends in computer and network security attacks. Describe the common security practices of businesses of all sizes. Understand the basic elements of EC security. Explain the basic types of network security attacks. Describe common mistakes that organizations make in managing security. Discuss some of the major technologies for securing EC communications. Detail some of the major technologies for securing EC networks components.

Electronic Payment Systems

• Understand the shifts that are occurring with regards to noncash and online payments. Discuss the players and processes involved in using credit cards online.
• Discuss the different categories and potential uses of smart cards. Discuss various online alternatives to credit card payments and identify under what circumstances they are best used. Describe the processes and parties involved in e-checking.
• Describe payment methods in B2B EC, including payments for global trade. Discuss electronic bill and invoice presentment and payment. Understand the sales tax implications of e-payments.

Mobile Commerce and Pervasive Computing

• Define mobile commerce and understand its relationship to e- commerce. Understand the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce.
• Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks. Discuss the value-added attributes and fundamental drivers of m-commerce.
• Discuss m- commerce applications in finance, advertising, and provision of content. Describe the application of m-commerce within organizations. Understand B2B and supply chain management applications of m-commerce.
• Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce. Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce. Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce. Discuss the key characteristics and current uses of pervasive computing.

Legal and Ethical Issues in e- Commerce

• Describe the differences between legal and ethical issues in EC. Understand the difficulties of protecting privacy in EC. Discuss issues of intellectual property rights in EC.
• Describe unsolicited ad problems and remedies. Understand the conflict between free speech and censorship on the Internet. Describe major legal issues in EC. Describe the types of fraud on the Internet and how to protect against them. Describe representative societal issues in EC.
• Describe the role and impact of virtual communities on EC. Describe the future of EC

Global, Social, and Other Issues in e- Commerce

• Describe the strategic planning process. Describe the purpose and content of a business plan.
• Understand how e-commerce impacts the strategic planning process. Understand how EC applications are formulated, justified, and prioritized.
• Describe strategy implementation and assessment, including the use of metrics. Evaluate the issues involved in global EC. Analyze the impact of EC on small and medium-sized businesses

E Commerce in Pakistan and the Developing world (the opportunities and Challenges

• Describe the use of e-commerce in Pakistan. Describe various trends that are impacting the corporate culture in Pakistan.
• Describe how certain organizations have performed by adopting a certain EC model.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Electronic Commerce. A Managerial Perspective by Efraim Turban David King, Judy McKay, Peter Marshall, Jae Lee, Dennis Viehland, 2008.
2. Electronic Commerce, Greenstein & Feinman
3. Electronic Commerce. Business, Technology. Society. By Kenneth C. Laudon Carol Guercio traver
4. Electronic Commerce, By: Gary P. Schneider

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Organizational behavior (OB) is an interdisciplinary field drawing from numerous disciplines including psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, organization theory, statistics, and many others. Effective management of human resources within organizations requires an understanding of various behavior and processes. Managers need to know why people behave as they do in relation to their jobs, their work groups and their organizations. This knowledge of individuals' perceptions, motivational attitudes and behavior will enable managers to not only understand themselves better, but also to adopt appropriate managerial policies and leadership styles to increase their effectiveness.

The focus of instruction will move progressively through the individual, group and organizational levels of behavior and will examine the interrelationships of behavioral phenomena among these levels. Additionally, concepts such as motivation, communication and leadership and their relevance to organizational behavior will be examined in detail. The course is also designed to help the students understand if Western Organizational Behavioral theories and practices have any relevance to the local settings. The course will also discuss the Islamic perspective of understanding and directing human behavior in a specific direction.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. Describe theories which drive behaviors of individuals in an organizational setting.
2. Demonstrate collaborative skills while working in a team setting.
3. Understand the significance of ethics and professional integrity in an organizational context.
4. Demonstrate an awareness of the complexity in a glocal business environment.

COURSE CONTENTS

• What is Organizational Behaviour
• Importance of organizational behavior
• Foundations of Individual Behaviour: Biographical Characteristics, Ability, Learning
• Organizational behaviour from Islamic and indigenous perspective
• Understanding human psychology through the lenses of Quran
• and Sunnah
• Attitudes and Job Satisfaction Types of attitudes
• Types of behaviors
• Perception and Individual Decision Making Why perception is important
• Types of decision making
• Biases and errors in decision making
• Motivation concept
• Content theories of Motivational Process theories of motivation
• Motivation: from concept to application
• Applying motivation concepts for designing reward system
• Emotions and Moods

Mid-term examination

• Foundations of Group Behaviour
• Groups in organization
• Basic Approaches to Leadership Trait theories
• Behavioural theories
• Contemporary Issues in Leadership
• Power and politics
• Types and sources of power Politics in organizations
• Conflict and negotiation Types of conflicts
• Islamic perspective on managing behaviors in organization (latest articles/case studies)
• Functions of organization structure Types of organizational structure
• Organizational structure and its impact on individuals and
• groups
• Organizational culture
• Organizational culture and individual behavior
• Conclusion Session Project/Presentation

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Robbins, P. S., & Judge, T. A. (2009). Organizational Behaviour. 13th ed.

SEMESTER 8

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

Course (Catalog) Description: This course is a “capstone” seminar in general management and can be only taken upon successful completion of the five preceding courses. The knowledge, theories, skills, and techniques derived from all previous courses will be integrated. Analysis and diagnosis of business problems will be applied in order to formulate strategies, tactics, plans, and policies for the improvement of organizational performance. Accomplished through practice in rational and responsible decision-making processes, the course will develop a well- defined approach to solving the technical, economic, and human problems of management.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the conclusion of this course, the student should be able to:

1. Explain the distinct characteristics of strategic decisions.
2. Differentiate between strategy and strategic management.
3. Describe strategic priorities at the corporate, business, and operational levels.
4. Identify the structural causes of change and their impact on the organization.
5. Identify key processes, systems, and performance targets, as well as their suitable use cases.

COURSE CONTENT

• Introductory Lecture
• “The Dynamics of Business and Economics”
• Ethical Business Policy and Strategy
• Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
• Business in a Borderless World
• Managing Unionized Employees”
• In-Class Handout: “Labor Relations in a Global Context
• Managing Human Resources
• The Nature of Management
• Organization, Teamwork, and Communication
• Motivating the Workforce
• Options for Organizing Business
• Small Business, Entrepreneurship, and Franchising
• Customer-Driven Marketing
• Dimensions of Marketing Strategy
• Accounting and Financial Statements Money and the Financial System
• Financial Management and Securities Markets
• Final Exam

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Paperback O. C. Ferrell and Geoffrey Hirt. Business: A Changing World. Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2008.

SPECIALIZATION COURSES

MARKETING

COURSE DESCRIPTION

An Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) course teaches students how to strategically mix several marketing and promotional methods, such as advertising, public relations, social media, and direct marketing, to convey a consistent and cohesive brand message to a specific audience. Key issues include studying consumer behavior, designing promotional strategies, arranging media, creating content, and measuring the effectiveness of integrated campaigns to fulfil company goals.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course, it is expected that the student will be able:

1. understanding IMC principles, components, and tools (advertising, PR, digital, etc.)
2. Developing skills to create and execute a strategic IMC plan, analyzing consumer behavior to inform campaign strategy,
3. Evaluating campaign effectiveness, and understanding the ethical and societal implications of marketing communications

COURSE CONTENTS

What is IMC?

• Identify the importance of Marketing and IMC

Context of Marketing Communications

• Understanding the different marketing tools and processes

Integrated marketing communication: how marketing communication evolved

• Evolution of IMC tools and its integration into marketing plan

Digital media and consumer empowerment

• Appreciate why digital channels are the future

Social media and engagement

• Impact of social media on strategy

Understanding how market communication might influence consumer behavior

• Impact of social media on strategy

Branding and building relationships

• Identifying Consumer Touch Points

Planning for IMC

• Identifying Consumer Touch Points

Establishing objectives and budgeting for the IMC program

• Planning for New Campaigns

Message strategy and execution

• Execution Strategies

Media strategy and choices

• Strategic role of Media

Measuring the effectiveness of the IMC program

• Understanding the promotion, advertising and sales promotion intermingle with each other as strategy

Direct marketing and personal selling

• Developing and implementing Sales Force Strategy, Internet Strategy and Direct Marketing Strategy

Sales promotion, PR and Publicity

• Optimal use of PR, Publicity and SP

Project Presentations

• IMC Plan & Implementation

RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS

1. Belch, Belch, (2021) 12th Edition, Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective, McGraw-Hill, Sydney
2. Blakeman, (2018) 3rd Edition, Integrated Marketing Communications: Creative Strategy - from Idea to Implementation, Rowman & Littlefield, USA
3. Juska, (2018) Integrated Marketing Communications: Advertising and Promotion in the Digital World, Routledge, US
4. Andrews, Shimp, (2017) Tenth Edition, Advertising, Promotion and other aspects of IMC, Cengage Learning, USA
5. Clow, Baack, (2017) 8th Edition, Integrated Advertising, Promotion and Marketing Communications, Pearson, USA

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course provides a complete introduction to the dynamic world of digital marketing, preparing learners with the skills and tactics required to thrive in today's data-driven economy. The course combines theoretical principles with real-world case studies and hands-on experience, covering important topics including social media marketing, search engine marketing (SEM), content strategy, influencer marketing, and analytics.

Participants will learn how to use cutting-edge tools and strategies to create effective digital campaigns, optimize them for performance, and assess their impact. Designed for both professionals and entrepreneurs, this course teaches students how to create strong digital presences, drive growth, and confidently make data-driven marketing decisions.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course it is expected that the student will be able:

1. Students will be equipped to develop comprehensive digital strategies,
2. Create engaging campaigns across platforms like SEO, social media, and email,
3. Analyse campaign performance using data and metrics,
4. Understand the customer journey in a digital context, and ultimately achieve business goals such as increasing brand awareness, driving traffic, generating leads, and increasing sales.

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction

• Understanding of digital media & digital marketing Digital overview of Pakistan

Digital Advertising

• Formats, ad types and platforms

Search Engine Optimization

• What is SEO, how does it work, and what steps can brands take to optimise their websites for search engines?
• Working with various tools for keyword research.

Search Ads

• How to run Google search ads?

Meta Ads

• Setting up ads on Facebook + Instagram through the Meta Ads Manager

YouTube + Display Ads

• How to monetize a YouTube account and run ads on YouTube as a brand.

Influencer Marketing

• Types of influencers, how to select an influencer, write a brief for influencer marketing and measuring performance of an influencer campaign

Content + AI Tools

• Content creation for different platforms and the use of various AI tools to create cost-effective content

Performance Marketing

• Using Google Analytics to measure digital campaign performance. Familiarity with different metrics and KPIs.

Group Activity

• Students will be divided into groups of 5 to create a digital marketing strategy for a brand using all the tools and theories studied in the previous sessions

Wrap-up & Presentations

• Group presentations and feedback on the work done

Conclusion Session

Final Exam

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

Supplementary material shall be provided according to the latest published material. The course will be of practical nature.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course allows students to fully comprehend the concepts, principles, and tools necessary for successful brand management. The course discusses the fundamentals and principles of branding and strategy, the significance of brand equity, and how to create and manage brand equity. This course will allow you to learn the fundamentals of a great brand and apply tactics and techniques. Students will gain knowledge and confidence in their strategic and analytical abilities through conversations, assignments, readings, and problem solving. Students will improve their strategic, conceptual, analytical, and decision-making skills.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course, it is expected that the student will be able:

1. Demonstrated understanding of brand management principles.
2. Understand brand strategy, which includes many aspects of brand management. Demonstrates real-world understanding of brand success factors.
3. By the end of the course, students will be able to create their own brand by applying their expertise to their studies.
4. Evaluate real-life marketing campaigns for their effectiveness.

COURSE CONTENT

Brand and Brand Management

• What is Brand
• Why do Brands matter
• Can anything be branded
• Services, Retailers, Distributors, People, Sports, Organization.
• Brand Challenged and Opportunity
• Brand Equity Concept

Customer-Based Brand Equity

• Customer-based Brand Equity
• Brand Knowledge
• Sources of Brand equity
• Identifying and Establishing Brand Positioning
• Positioning Guidelines

Brand Positioning and Value

• Brand Positioning
• Segmentation
• Targeting
• Frame of Reference
• Points of Parity
• Points of Difference
• Brand Mantras

Choosing Brand Elements to Build Brand Equity

• Criteria for Choosing Brand Elements
• Options and Tactics for Brand Elements
• Putting it all together

Designing Marketing Programs to Build Brand Equity

• New Perspectives on marketing

Personalizing Marketing

• Experiential Marketing
• Permission Marketing
• Product strategy, Pricing Strategy
• Channel Strategy
• Push and Pull strategies
• Web Strategies
• Integrating Marketing Communications (IMC) to Build Brand Equity
• New Media Environment
• Four Major Marketing Communication Options
• Brand Amplifiers
• Developing IMC Programs

Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations to Build Brand Equity

• Conceptualizing the Leveraging Process
• Company
• Country of Origin and Other Geographic Areas
• Celebrity Endorsement
• Sporting, Cultural or Other Events
• Third-Party Sources

Measuring Sources of Brand Equity: Capturing Customer Mind-Set

• Qualitative Research Techniques
• Quantitative Research Techniques
• Comprehensive Models of Consumer-Based Brand Equity

Introducing and Naming New Products and Brand Extensions

• New Products and Brand Extensions, Advantages of Extensions
• Disadvantages of Extension
• Understanding How Consumers Evaluate Brand Extensions
• Evaluating Brand Extension Opportunities
• Extension Guidelines Based on Academic Research
• Managing Brands Over time
• Islamic perspective on Marketing (case study/research articles)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Strategic Brand Management, Kevin Lane Keller, 4th edition, Pearson

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Supply Chain Management involves the flows of materials and information among all of the firms that contribute value to a product, from the source of raw materials to end customers. Elements of supply chain management have been studied and practiced for some time in marketing, logistics, and operations management. This course will attempt to integrate these different perspectives to develop a broad understanding of how to manage a supply chain.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course it is expected that the student will be able to:

1. To develop an understanding of key drivers of supply chain performance and their inter-relationships with strategy and other functions of the company such as marketing, manufacturing and accounting.
2. To impart analytical and problem solving skills necessary to develop solutions for a variety of supply chain management and design problems and develop an understanding for use of information technology in supply chain optimization.
3. To understand the complexity of inter-firm and intra-firm coordination in implementing programs such as e-collaboration, quick response, jointly managed inventories and strategic alliances.
4. To develop the ability to design logistics systems and formulate integrated supply chain strategy, so that all components are not only internally synchronized but also tuned to fit corporate strategy, competitive realities and market needs.
5. To understand which information should be exchanged in a supply chain and how it should be used to benefit the entire supply chain.
6. To identify improvement opportunities that exist within supply chains in different industries and to quantify the improvements that various supply chain strategies offer.
7. To understand which barriers companies face during the implementation of new supply chain strategies.
8. To developed knowledge and skills relating to Supply Chain management.
9. To developed modeling skills by using excel solver.

COURSE CONTENTS

• Introduction to supply chain management.
• Supply chain strategy
• SCM Decisions
• SCM Drivers and obstacles
• Facility location
• Warehousing
• Forecasting
• Inventory Management
• Inventory Management
• Transportation
• Linear Programming – Excel Solver – Lab sessions
• Bullwhip effect
• Double Marginalization
• Job shop scheduling, ERP JIT and lean production
• Outsourcing and Supplier Relationships
• Project presentations
• End Term

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Sunil Chopra, Supply Chain management, 3rd Prentice Hall.
2. Martin Christopher, Logistics and Supply Chain management – Creating value added networks, FT – Prentice Hall.

RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS

1. W. Stevenson, Operations Management, 9th.

MANAGEMENT

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive and fundamental rule or belief for leading and operating an organization, aimed at continually improving performance over the long term by focusing on customers while addressing the needs of all stakeholders. It is both a philosophy and a set of guiding principles that represent the foundation of a continuously improving organization. The bottom line of TQM is results: increased productivity, efficiency, customer satisfaction/delight, and world-class performance. The course presents several TQM frameworks, concepts, and quality improvement tools necessary for implementing the quality culture that characterizes world-class organizations of 21st century. The course examines the concepts of TQM as systematic process in the context of continuous improvement and quality management initiatives that improves customer satisfaction. It also covers methodologies and tools that will aid the students to understand how TQM can be used as a strategic tool that helps the organization achieve a competitive advantage in a global economy.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course it is expected that the student should be able to

1. Implement the principles and concepts inherent in a Total Quality Management (TQM) approach to managing a manufacturing or service organization.
2. Understand the philosophies--including similarities and differences--of the gurus of TQM in order to better evaluate TQM implementation proposals offered by quality management organizations and consultants.
3. Successfully implement process improvement teams trained to use the various quality tools for identifying appropriate process improvements.
4. Assess exactly where an organization stands on quality management with respect to the ISO 9000 quality management standard and the Baldrige Award criteria.
5. Develop a strategy for implementing TQM in an organization.

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction to total quality management

• Definition of TQM
• Overview of quality and dimensions of quality
• TQM framework
• Quality Gurus and their contribution to TQM
• Obstacles in implementing TQM program in an organization

Role Of Top Management in Implementing TQM

• Quality statements
• Importance of Communication in implementing TQM program

Relationship of customer satisfaction and quality improvement

Role of employees in teamwork and employee empowerment initiatives for successful TQM performance

Performance Measures For TQM

• Typical measurements (cost, time, HR, marketing, administrative measures and so on)
• Criteria for choosing performance measures and building performance excellence

Statistical Process Control

• Introduction to SPC
• Basic SPC Tools

Final Project (Report Submission & Presentations)

RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS

1. John S. Oakland (2005) Total Quality Management,(3rd edition), Butterworth- Heinmann, An Imprint of Elsevier, Linacre house, Jordan Hill, Oxford,200 Wheeler Road, Burlington.
2. Subburaj Ramasamy (2005) Total Quality Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, Delhi

REFERENCE MATERIAL

1. Foster, T. S. (2006). Managing quality: An integrative approach (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle, NJ: Prentice – Hall.
2. Sadikoglu, E. (2004, September). Total quality management: Context and performance. The Journal of Academy of Business, Cambridge, 5(1/2), 364- 366.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed to engage students in a discussion of Corporate Social Responsibility through a series of interactive learning activities. The course will begin with preparing the students to discuss and debate the definition and importance of CSR to a company’s strategy. We’ll then move on to examine situations in which companies have not done a very good job at demonstrating good CSR practices, and we’ll examine the complexity of those situations and the range of possible responses. Finally, we’ll look at some companies that have demonstrated CSR “best practices”, and discuss what these examples teach us that we can apply in our future careers. The class depends highly on student participation, and student interests will drive the topics and situations that are considered and discussed.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After successfully completing this course, students will be able:

• To explain what Corporate Social Responsibility means
• To debate the case for and “against” CSR including understanding the complex balance between CSR and other elements of company strategy
• To identify real-world CSR best practices and to reflect on how those might be more broadly applied
• To critically analyze situations where companies are facing CSR issues, including an appreciation of the interests of various stakeholders
• To recommend a course of action that balances CSR with other business interests, and is compelling and persuasive After successfully completing this course.

COURSE CONTENTS

• Introduction to CSR
• The roles and objectives of corporations, and the nature of CSR
• Externalities (costs and benefits), market failures and CSR components
• Accountability, corporate governance and voluntary disclosure
• Stakeholder engagement and stakeholders‟ interests
• Investors‟ interests and CSR consideration
• Disclosure regulation
• Trends in CSR reporting
• MID SEMESTER BREAK
• Theories of CSR behavior and disclosure
• Theories of CSR behavior and disclosure continued
• CSR accounting and measurement issues
• CSR reporting: voluntary initiatives and guidelines
• Contemporary issues

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Dunphy, D., A. Griffiths and S. Benn. Organizational Change for Corporate Sustainability. London: Routledge, 2003.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This module introduces the students to the principles and applications of HR analytics as a tool for evidence-based decision-making. It examines how workforce data can be analyzed to inform strategies in recruitment, retention, training, and performance management. Emphasis is placed on aligning people analytics with organizational objectives, drawing on HR theory and practice rather than technical training in statistics or programming. Students will gain a practical understanding of the design and implementation of analytics to address real organizational challenges.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course, it is expected that the student should be able to:

1. Gain familiarity with key issues general managers encounter in managing people.
2. Apply theoretical frameworks and models to support effective employee-related decision-making.
3. Understand and utilize contemporary HR analytics techniques, including big data approaches, to evaluate and address workforce challenges.
4. Design, develop, and present a research proposal that applies HR analytics to strategic organizational issues.

COURSE CONTENTS

Foundations of HR Analytics and People Management

Introduction to HR Analytics

• What is HR Analytics?
• Evolution of HR from intuition-based to evidence-based decision-making
• Strategic role of HR analytics in organizations

Motivation and Work

• The employment relationship: theoretical perspectives
• Strategic execution of people practices

Staffing and Performance

• Staffing Your Organization
• Recruiting and selecting talent
• Analyzing promotions and career progression through analytics

Managing Performance

• Performance evaluation methods
• Rewarding and recognizing performance
• Case studies on analytics in performance management

Compensation, Development, and Workforce Analytics

Compensating and Developing Talent

• Compensation design and equity analysis
• Training and development effectiveness

Using analytics to evaluate compensation and development outcomes

Workforce Data and HR Metrics

Types of HR data (work history, performance, engagement, retention, etc.)

Key HR metrics and their business implications

Advanced HR Analytics Applications

Frameworks for People Management

• Theoretical models for employee decision-making
• Linking HR analytics to organizational strategy

Big Data in HR

• Concepts and applications in HRM
• Challenges and opportunities for Pakistan’s HR landscape

Analytical Tools and Techniques

• Descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics
• Visualization and interpretation of HR data (Excel, Power BI, or similar tools)

Employee Behavior and Predictive Models

• Predicting turnover, engagement, and productivity
• Case studies on predictive HR models

Strategic Implementation and Ethical Considerations

Communication and Decision-Making

• Presenting HR analytics insights to senior management
• Translating data into actionable strategies

Ethical and Legal Considerations in HR Analytics

• Data privacy and employee rights
• Responsible use of workforce data

Research and Application

Research in HR Analytics

• Developing research proposals
• Bridging the gap between academia and industry

Student Project Work & Presentations

• Designing HR analytics projects for Pakistani organizations
• Presentations and peer/instructor feedback

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Bhattacharyya, D. K. (2018). HR Analytics: Understanding Theories and Applications. SAGE Publications.
2. Fitz-enz, J., & Mattox, J. R. II. (2014). Predictive Analytics for Human Resources. Wiley.

Supplementary Readings:

• Davenport, T. H., Harris, J., & Shapiro, J. (2010). Competing on Talent Analytics. Harvard Business Review.
• Angrave, D., Charlwood, A., Kirkpatrick, I., Lawrence, M., & Stuart, M. (2016). HR and Analytics: Why HR is Set to Fail the Big Data Challenge. Human Resource Management Journal.
• Bassi, L. (2011). Raging Debates in HR Analytics. People & Strategy.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

In today’s rapidly evolving and turbulent environment, management philosophies have been reshaped by critical factors such as technological advancements, accelerated work pace, globalization, heightened corporate competition, and the growing challenges of work–life balance. These conditions have created a demanding and stressful workplace where conflict is often unavoidable. However, many managers remain unequipped to address conflict in a systematic, evidence-based manner. Instead, they frequently rely on instinct or habitual responses, which can escalate disputes and perpetuate a destructive cycle. This course is designed to provide a structured analysis of conflict, its underlying elements, and effective approaches for its management.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

After studying this course the students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate an understanding of contextual factors that contribute to conflict.
2. Analyze the role of individual attitudes—such as anger and frustration—and their impact on others, particularly in workplace settings.
3. Identify and describe the primary sources and types of conflict.
4. Explain the importance of effective communication and its role in conflict resolution.
5. Apply key concepts of negotiation to achieve effective outcomes.
6. Critically discuss and evaluate various negotiation strategies and demonstrate skill in bargaining techniques.

COURSE CONTENT

• Contextual Analysis- Understanding the causation of behavior & Individual differences
• Defining Conflict, its stages and types
• Interpersonal conflicts
• Interpersonal conflicts: Cognition & Beliefs
• Realistic Conflict Theory-The psychology of attitudes & intergroup conflict
• Frustration at workplace- its role in conflict and frustration management
• Strategies to resolve conflict- listen actively, empathetically and responsively
• Strategies to resolve conflict- Empathy-stop rewarding and learn from difficult behaviours (Organizational interventions/mechanism for conflict management can be added)

Mid-term

• Types of negotiation and the four key concepts
• Preparing for negotiation
• Negotiation strategies
• Mental errors in negotiation
• Negotiations with labor unions
• Article discussion
• Islamic perspective on conflict management

FINAL TERM

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

In order to develop a diverse, practical and comprehensive approach towards leadership, literature, exercises and cases will be used from following books. Therefore, The Leadership Experience (Richard L. Daft) will be used as text book. All the material taken from journals, research papers, newspapers or sources other than these books will be provided in advance.

1. The Leadership Experience, by Richard L. Daft. 3rd or latest edition. Thomson, South-western. (Text Book)
2. The Heart of Leadership, by Robert E. Staub. 12 Practices of Courageous Leaders.
3. The Timeless Leader, by John K. Clemens and Steve Albrecht